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    Constitution of India 

           India, also known as Bharat, is a Union of States.It is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a parliamentary system of government. The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950.







The Constitution provides for a Parliamentary form of government which is federal in structure with certain unitary features. The constitutional head of the Executive of the Union is the President. As per Article 79 of the Constitution of India, the council of the Parliament of the Union consists of the President and two Houses known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). Article 74(1) of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head to aid and advise the President, who shall exercise his/her functions in accordance to the advice. The real executive power is thus vested in the Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head.
The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha). Every State has a Legislative Assembly. Certain States have an upper House also called State Legislative Council. There is a Governor for each state who is appointed by the President. Governor is the Head of the State and the executive power of the State is vested in him. The Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its head advises the Governor in the discharge of the executive functions. The Council of the Ministers of a state is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.
The Constitution distributes legislative powers between Parliament and State legislatures as per the lists of entries in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution. The residuary powers vest in the Parliament. The centrally administered territories are called Union Territories.

Constitution of India: English

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Constitution of India: Hindi

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CONTENTS

  • PREAMBLE
    • PART I: THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY
    • PART II: CITIZENSHIP
    • PART III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
    • PART IV: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
    • PART IVA: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
    • PART V: THE UNION
      • CHAPTER I.- THE EXECUTIVE
      • CHAPTER II.- PARLIAMENT
      • CHAPTER III.- LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
      • CHAPTER IV.- THE UNION JUDICIARY
      • CHAPTER V.- COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA
    • PART VI: THE STATES
      • CHAPTER I.- GENERAL
      • CHAPTER II.- THE EXECUTIVE
      • CHAPTER III.- THE STATE LEGISLATURE
      • CHAPTER IV.- LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
      • CHAPTER V.- THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES
      • CHAPTER VI.- SUBORDINATE COURTS
    • PART VII: THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
    • PART VIII: THE UNION TERRITORIES
    • PART XI: THE PANCHAYATS
    • PART IXA: THE MUNICIPALITIES
    • PART X: THE SCHEDULEDAND TRIBAL AREAS
    • PART XI: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES
      • CHAPTER I.- LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
      • CHAPTER II.- ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
    • PART XII: FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS
      • CHAPTER I.- FINANCE
      • CHAPTER II.- BORROWING
      • CHAPTER III.- PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
      • CHAPTER IV.- RIGHTTO PROPERTY
    • PART XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN
    • PART XIV: SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES
      • CHAPTER I.- SERVICES
      • CHAPTER II.- PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
    • PART XIVA: TRIBUNALS
    • PART XV: ELECTIONS
    • PART XVI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES
    • PART XVII: OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
      • CHAPTER I.- LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
      • CHAPTER II.- REGIONAL LANGUAGES
      • CHAPTER III.- LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC.
      • CHAPTER IV.- SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
    • PART XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
    • PART XIX: MISCELLANEOUS
    • PART XX: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
    • PART XXI: TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS
    • PART XXII: SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT
  • SCHEDULES
    • FIRST SCHEDULE
    • SECOND SCHEDULE
    • THIRD SCHEDULE
    • FOURTH SCHEDULE
    • FIFTH SCHEDULE
    • SIXTH SCHEDULE
    • SEVENTH SCHEDULE
    • EIGHTH SCHEDULE
    • NINTH SCHEDULE
    • TENTH SCHEDULE
    • ELEVENTH SCHEDULE
    • TWELFTH SCHEDULE
  • APPENDIX
  • INDEX

PREAMBLE (103 KB) (Hindi PDF file that opens in a new window)


PART I: THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY (137 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
1 Name and territory of the Union
2 Admission or establishment of new States
2A [Repealed.]
3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
4 Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters

PART II: CITIZENSHIP (114 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan
7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
8 Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
9 Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens
10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship
11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law
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PART III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (316 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

General
Article Description
12 Definition
13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Right to Equality
Article Description
14 Equality before law.
15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
17 Abolition of Untouchability.
18 Abolition of titles.
Right to Freedom
Article Description
19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
21 Protection of life and personal liberty.
22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right against Exploitation
Article Description
23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Article Description
25 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
26 Freedom to manage religious affairs.
27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights
Article Description
29 Protection of interests of minorities.
30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
31 [Repealed.]
Saving of Certain Laws
Article Description
31A Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
31B Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
31D [Repealed.]
Right to Constitutional Remedies
Article Description
32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
32A [Repealed.]
33 Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
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PART IV: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (165 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
36 Definition.
37 Application of the principles contained in this Part.
38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
39A Equal justice and free legal aid.
40 Organisation of village panchayats.
41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
43 Living wage, etc., for workers.
43A Participation of workers in management of industries.
44 Uniform civil code for the citizens.
45 Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
47 Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
50 Separation of judiciary from executive.
51 Promotion of international peace and security.

PART IVA: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES (104 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
51A Fundamental duties.
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PART V: THE UNION (675 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)


CHAPTER I.¾ THE EXECUTIVE

The President and Vice-President

Article Description
52 The President of India.
53 Executive power of the Union.
54 Election of President.
55 Manner of election of President.
56 Term of office of President.
57 Eligibility for re-election.
58 Qualifications for election as President.
59 Conditions of President's office.
60 Oath or affirmation by the President.
61 Procedure for impeachment of the President.
62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
63 The Vice-President of India.
64 The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.
65 The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.
66 Election of Vice-President.
67 Term of office of Vice-President.
68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.
70 Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies.
71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
73 Extent of executive power of the Union.

Council of Ministers

Article Description
74 Council of Ministersto aid and advise President.
75 Other provisions as to Ministers.

The Attorney-General for India

Article Description
76 Attorney-General for India.

Conduct of Government Business

Article Description
77 Conduct of business of the Government of India.
78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.

CHAPTER II.¾ PARLIAMENT

General

Article Description
79 Constitution of Parliament.
80 Composition of the Council of States.
81 Composition of the House of the People.
82 Readjustment after each census.
83 Duration of Houses of Parliament.
84 Qualification for membership of Parliament.
85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
86 Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.
87 Special address by the President.
88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.

Officers of Parliament

Article Description
89 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
90 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
93 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
94 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
95 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
96 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
97 Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
98 Secretariat of Parliament.

Conduct of Business

Article Description
99 Oath or affirmation by members.
100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.

Disqualifications of Members
Article Description
101 Vacation of seats.
102 Disqualifications for membership.
103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.

Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members

Article Description
105 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
106 Salaries and allowances of members.

Legislative Procedure

Article Description
107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.
109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
110 Definition of "Money Bills".
111 Assent to Bills.

Procedure in Financial Matters

Article Description
112 Annual financial statement.
113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.
114 Appropriation Bills.
115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
116 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
117 Special provisions as to financial Bills.

Procedure Generally

Article Description
118 Rules of procedure.
119 Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
120 Language to be used in Parliament.
121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.

CHAPTER III.¾ LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

Article Description
123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess ofParliament.

CHAPTER IV.¾ THE UNION JUDICIARY

Article Description
124 Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
125 Salaries, etc., of Judges.
126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
127 Appointment of ad hoc judges.
128 Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
129 Supreme Court to be a court of record.
130 Seat of Supreme Court.
131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
131A [Repealed.]
132 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
133 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters.
134 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
134A A Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.
135 Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
136 Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.
137 Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
139 Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
139A Transfer of certain cases.
140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court.
141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
142 Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court.
144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
144A [Repealed.]
145 Rules of Court, etc.
146 Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
147 Interpretation.

CHAPTER V.¾ COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA
Article Description
148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.
151 Audit reports.

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PART VI: THE STATES (629 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)


CHAPTER I.¾ GENERAL

Article Description
152 Definition.

CHAPTER II.¾ THE EXECUTIVE

The Governer

Article Description
153 Governors of States.
154 Executive power of State.
155 Appointment of Governor.
156 Term of office of Governor.
157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor.
158 Conditions of Governor's office
159 Oath or affirmation by the Governor.
160 Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.
161 Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
162 Extent of executive power of State.

Council of Ministers

Article Description
163 Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
164 Other provisions as to Ministers.

The Advocate-General for the State

Article Description
165 Advocate-General for the State.

Conduct of Government Business

Article Description
166 Conduct of business of the Government of a State.
167 Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.

CHAPTER III.¾ THE STATE LEGISLATURE

General

Article Description
168 Constitution of Legislatures in States.
169 Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
170 Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.
171 Composition of the Legislative Councils.
172 Duration of State Legislatures.
173 Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.
174 Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
175 Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
176 Special address by the Governor.
177 Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses.

Officers of the State Legislature

Article Description
178 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
179 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speakerand Deputy Speaker.
180 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
181 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
182 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
183 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
184 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
185 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
186 Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
187 Secretariat of State Legislature.

Conduct of Business

Article Description
188 Oath or affirmation by members.
189 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.

Disqualifications of Members

Article Description
190 Vacation of seats.
191 Disqualifications for membership.
192 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
193 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.

Powers, privileges and immunities of State Legislatures and their Members

Article Description
194 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.
195 Salaries and allowances of members.

Legislative Procedure

Article Description
196 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
197 Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.
198 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
199 Definition of "Money Bills".
200 Bills reserved for consideration.
201 Assent to Bills.

Procedure in Financial Matters

Article Description
202 Annual financial statement.
203 Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.
204 Appropriation Bills.
205 Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
206 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
207 Special provisions as to financial Bills.

Procedure Generally

Article Description
208 Rules of procedure.
209 Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.
210 Language to be used in the Legislature.
211 Restriction on discussion in the Legislature.
212 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.

CHAPTER IV.¾ LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR

Article Description
213 Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.

CHAPTER V.¾ THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES

Article Description
214 High Courts for States.
215 High Courts to be courts of record.
216 Constitution of High Courts.
217 Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.
218 Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
219 Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
220 Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.
221 Salaries, etc., of Judges.
222 Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.
223 Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
224 Appointment of additional and acting Judges.
224A Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
225 Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.
226 Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
226A [Repealed..]
227 Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.
228 Transfer of certain cases to High Court.
228A [Repealed.]
229 Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.
230 Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
231 Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.

CHAPTER VI.¾ SUBORDINATE COURTS

Article Description
233 Appointment of district judges.
233A Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.
234 Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.
235 Control over subordinate courts.
236 Interpretation.
237 Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.
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PART VII: THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE (58 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
238 [Repealed.]

PART VIII: THE UNION TERRITORIES (221 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
239 Administration of Union territories.
239A Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
239A Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
239AA Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
239AB Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
240 Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.
241 High Courts for Union territories.
242 [Repealed.]

PART IX: THE PANCHAYATS (250 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
243 Definitions.
243A Gram Sabha.
243B Constitution of Panchayats.
243C Composition of Panchayats.
243D Reservation of seats.
243E Duration of Panchayats, etc.
243F Disqualifications for membership.
243G Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
243H Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
243-I Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.
243J Audit of accounts of Pachayats.
243K Elections to the Panchayats.
243L Application to Unionterritories.
243M Part not to apply to certain areas.
243N Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
243-O Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

PART IXA: THE MUNICIPALITIES (270 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
243P Definitions.
243Q Constitution of Municipalities.
243R Composition of Municipalities.
243S Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
243T Reservation of seats.
243U Duration of Municipalities, etc.
243V Disqualifications for membership.
243W Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
243X Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities.
243 Finance Commission.
243Z Audit of accounts of Municipalities.
243ZA Elections to the Municipalities.
243ZB Application to Union territories.
243ZC Part not to apply to certain areas.
243ZD Committee for district planning.
243ZE Committee for Metropolitan planning.
243ZF Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.
243ZG Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters.

PART X: THE SCHEDULEDAND TRIBAL AREAS (143 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
244 Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
244A Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.

PART XI: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES (241 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)


CHAPTER I.¾ LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
Distribution of Legislative Powers
Article Description
245 Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
246 Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
247 Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.
248 Residuary powers of legislation.
249 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest.
250 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
251 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
252 Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State.
253 Legislation for giving effect to international agreements.
254 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
255 Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.

CHAPTER II.¾ ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS

General

Article Description
256 Obligation of States and the Union.
257 Control of the Union over States in certain cases.
257A [Repealed.]
258 Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases.
258A Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union.
259 [Repealed.]
260 Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.
261 Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.

Disputes relating to Waters

Article Description
262 Adjudication of disputes relating to waters ofinter-State rivers or river valleys.

Co-ordination between States

Article Description
263 Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.

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PART XII: FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS (401 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)


CHAPTER I.¾ FINANCE

General

Article Description
264 Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
265 Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
266 Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
267 Contingency Fund.

Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States

Article Description
268 Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the State.
269 Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States.
270 Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.
271 Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.
272 [Repealed.]
273 Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.
274 Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested.
275 Grants from the Union to certain States.
276 Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.
277 Savings.
278 [Repealed.]
279 Calculation of "net proceeds", etc.
280 Finance Commission.
281 Recommendations of the Finance Commission.

Miscellaneous financial provisions

Article Description
282 Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.
283 Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.
284 Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.
285 Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.
286 Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
287 Exemption from taxes on electricity.
288 Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
289 Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation.
290 Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.
290A Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.
291 [Repealed.]

CHAPTER II.¾ BORROWING
Article Description
292 Borrowing by the Government of India.
293 Borrowing by States.

CHAPTER III.¾ PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS

Article Description
294 Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.
295 Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.
296 Property accruing by escheat or laps or as bona vacantia.
297 Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.
298 Power to carry on trade, etc.
299 Contracts.
300 Suits and proceedings.

CHAPTER IV.¾ RIGHTTO PROPERTY

Article Description
300A Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.

PART XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN (127 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

THE TERRITORY OF INDIA
Article Description
301 Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.
302 Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
303 Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
304 Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
305 Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
306 [Repealed.]
307 Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.

PART XIV: SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES (239 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)


CHAPTER I.¾ SERVICES

Article Description
308 Interpretation.
309 Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
310 Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.
311 Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
312 All-India services.
312A Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.
313 Transitional provisions.
314 [Repeated.]

CHAPTER II.― PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS

Article Description
315 Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
316 Appointment and term of office of members.
317 Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.
318 Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
319 Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.
320 Functions of Public Service Commissions.
321 Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions.
322 Expenses of Public Service Commissions.
323 Reports of Public Service Commissions.

PART XIVA: TRIBUNALS (146 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
323A Administrative tribunals.
323B Tribunals for other matters.

PART XV: ELECTIONS (153 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
324 Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
325 No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
326 Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
327 Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
328 Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
329 Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
329A [Repealed.]

PART XVI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES (291 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
330 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
331 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People.
332 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
333 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
334 Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty years.
335 Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
336 Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.
337 Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian Community.
338 National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
338A National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
339 Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
340 Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
341 Scheduled Castes.
342 Scheduled Tribes.
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PART XVII: OFFICIAL LANGUAGE (169 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)


CHAPTER I.― LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
Article Description
343 Official language of the Union.
344 Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.

CHAPTER II.¾ REGIONAL LANGUAGES
Article Description
345 Official language or languages of a State.
346 Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.
347 Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.

CHAPTER III.¾ LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC.
Article Description
348 Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
349 Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.

CHAPTER IV.¾ SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
Article Description
350 Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances.
350A Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.
350B Special Officer for linguistic minorities.
351 Directive for development of the Hindi language.

PART XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS (279 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
352 Proclamation of Emergency.
353 Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.
354 Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
355 Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
356 Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.
357 Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356.
358 Suspensionof provisions of article 19 during emergencies.
359 Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.
359A [Repealed.]
360 Provisions as to financial emergency.

PART XIX: MISCELLANEOUS (239 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
361 Protection of President and Governors and Rajprakukhs.
361A Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
361B Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post.
362 [Repealed.]
363 Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
363A Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.
364 Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.
366 Definitions.
367 Interpretation.

PART XX: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION (126 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
368 Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.
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PART XXI: TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS (388 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Article Description
369 Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
370 Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
371 Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
371A Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.
371B Special provision with respect to the State of Assam.
371C Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur.
371D Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh.
371E Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh.
371F Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim.
371G Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
371H Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
371-I Special provision with respect to the State ofGoa.
372 Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation.
372A Power of the President to adapt laws.
373 Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.
374 Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.
375 Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution.
376 Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.
377 Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
378 Provisions as to Public Service Commissions.
378A Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
379-391 [Repealed.]
392 Power of the President to remove difficulties.

PART XXII: SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT (113 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

IN HINDI AND REPEALS
Article Description
393 Short title.
394 Commencement.
394A Authoritative text in the Hindi language.
395 Repeals.
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SCHEDULES


FIRST SCHEDULE (313 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

  • I. ―The States.
  • II. ―The Union territories.

SECOND SCHEDULE (214 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

  • PART A― Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States.
  • PART B―[Repealed.]
  • PART C―Provisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairmanand the Deputy Chairman of the LegislativeCouncil of a State.
  • PART D― Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts.
  • PART E― Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.

THIRD SCHEDULE (186 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

― Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.

FOURTH SCHEDULE (214 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

―Allocation of seats in the Council of States.

FIFTH SCHEDULE (178 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
  • PART A―General.
  • PART B―Administration andControl of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
  • PART C― Scheduled Areas.
  • PART D―Amendment of the Schedule.

SIXTH SCHEDULE (622 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

SEVENTH SCHEDULE (362 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

  • List I ― Union List.
  • List II― State List.
  • List III― Concurrent List.

EIGHTH SCHEDULE (117 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

― Languages.

NINTH SCHEDULE (355 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

―Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.

TENTH SCHEDULE (172 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

― Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.

ELEVENTH SCHEDULE (103 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

― Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.

TWELFTH SCHEDULE (107 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)

APPENDIX

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INDEX (2.8 MB) (PDF file that opens in a new window)



Amendment Acts

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THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACTS


INCLUDING STATEMENT OF OBJECTS & REASONS (SOR)


  1. The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951. Date on which the Act came into force: 18-6-1951 (Date of Assent)
  2. The Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1952. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-5-1953 (Date of Assent).
  3. The Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1954. Date on which the Act came into force: 22-2-1955 (Date of Assent).
  4. The Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955. Date on which the Act came into force: 27-4-1955 (Date of Assent).
  5. The Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1955. Date on which the Act came into force: 24-12-1955 (Date of Assent).
  6. The Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1956. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-9-1956 (Date of Assent).
  7. The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-11-1956 (as per s. 1(2) of the Act).
  8. The Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1959. Date on which the Act came into force: 5-1-1960 (Date of Assent).
  9. The Constitution (Ninth Amendment) Act, 1960. Date on which the Act came into force: 28-12-1960 (Date of Assent).
  10. The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1961. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-8-1961 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
  11. The Constitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1961. Date on which the Act came into force: 19-12-1961 (Date of Assent).
  12. The Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1962. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-12-1961 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
  13. The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1962. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-12-1963 [GSR 1734, dated 30-10-1963].
  14. The Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1962 Date on which the Act came into force: 28-12-1962 (Date of Assent).
  15. The Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 1963. Date on which the Act came into force: 5-10-1963 (Date of Assent).
  16. The Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963. Date on which the Act came into force: 5-10-1963 (Date of Assent).
  17. The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-6-1964 (Date of Assent).
  18. The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came into force: 27-8-1966 (Date of Assent).
  19. The Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-12-1966 (Date of Assent).
  20. The Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came into force: 22-12-1966 (Date of Assent).
  21. The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967. Date on which the Act came into force: 10-4-1967 (Date of Assent).
  22. The Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 1969. Date on which the Act came into force: 25-9-1969 (Date of Assent).
  23. The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969 Date on which the Act came into force: 23-1-1970 (Date of Assent).
  24. The Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971 Date on which the Act came into force: 5-11-1971 (Date of Assent).
  25. The Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the Act ame into force: 20-4-1972 (Date of Assent).
  26. The Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the Act came into force: 28-12-1971 (Date of Assent).
  27. The Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the Act came into force:--
    1. Ss. 1 and 3.....30-12-1971 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
    2. Ss. 2, 4 and 5 15-2-1972 [GSR 73(E), dated 14-2-1972].
  28. The Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972. Date on which the Act came into force: 29-8-1972 [GSR 391(E), dated 29-8-1972].
  29. The Constitution (Twenty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1972. Date on which the Act came into force: 9-6-1972 (Date of Assent).
  30. The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972. Date on which the Act came nto force: 27-2-1973 [GSR 73(E), dated 27-2-1973].
  31. The Constitution (Thirty-first Amendment) Act, 1973. Date on which the Act came into force: 17-10-1973 (Date of Assent).
  32. The Constitution (Thirty-second Amendment) Act, 1973. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-7-1974 [GSR 297(E), dated 1-7-1974].
  33. The Constitution (Thirty-third Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the Act came into force: 19-5-1974 (Date of Assent).
  34. The Constitution (Thirty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the Act came into force: 7-9-1974 (Date of Assent).
  35. The Constitution (Thirty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-3-1975 [GSR 61(E), dated 28-2-1975].
  36. The Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 26-4-1975 (As per s. 1 (2)- i.e. date on which the Bill "as passed by the House of People is passed by the Council of States").
  37. The Constitution (Thirty-seventh) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 3-5-1975 (Date of Assent).
  38. The Constitution (Thirty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-8-1975 (Date of Assent).
  39. The Constitution (Thirty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 10-8-1975 (Date of Assent).
  40. The Constitution (Fortieth Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act came into force: 27-5-1976 (Date of Assent).
  41. The Constitution (Forty-first Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act came into force: 7-9-1976 (Date of Assent).
  42. The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act came into force:--
    1. Sections 2 to 5, 7 to 17, 20, 28, 29, 30, 33, 36, 43 to 53, 55, 56, 57 and 59. 3-1-1977
    2. Sections 6, 23 to 26, 37 to 42, 54 and 58. 1-2-1977
    3. Section 27 1-4-1977 [GSR 2(E), dated 3-1-1977].
  43. The Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977. Date on which the Act came into force: 13-4-1978 (Date of Assent).
  44. The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978. Date on which the Act came into force:--
    1. Sections 2, 4 to 16, 22, 23, 25 to 29, 31 to 42, 44 and 45 20-6-1979 [GSR 383(E), dated 19-6-1979].
    2. Sections 17 to 21 and 30 1-8-1979 [GSR 383(E), dated 19-6-1979].
    3. Sections 24 and 43 6-9-1979 [GSR 529(E), dated 5-9-1979].
  45. The Constitution (Forty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1980. Date on which the Act came into force: 25-1-1980 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
  46. The Constitution (Forty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1982. Date on which the Act came into force: 2-2-1983 (Date of Assent).
  47. The Constitution (Forty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 26-8-1984 (Date of Assent).
  48. The Constitution (Forty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-4-1985 (S.O. 184(E), dated 11-3-1985).
  49. The Constitution (Forty-ninth Amendment)Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-09-1984.
  50. The Constitution (Fiftieth Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-9-1984 (Date of Assent).
  51. The Constitution (Fifty-first Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 16-6-1986 [GSR 871(E), dated 16-6-1986].
  52. The Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-3-1985 [GSR 131(E), dated 1-3-1985].
  53. The Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-2-1987 (S.O. 71 (E), dated 11-2-1987).
  54. The Constitution (Fifty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-4-1986 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).
  55. The Constitution (Fifty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-2-1987 (S.O. 73(E), dated 11-2-1987).
  56. The Constitution (Fifty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came into force: 30-5-1987 (S.O. 517(E), dated 26-5-1987).
  57. The Constitution (Fifty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came into force: 21-9-1987 [GSR 810(E), dated 21-9-1987].
  58. The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came into force: 9-12-1987 (Date of Assent).
  59. The Constitution (Fifty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1988 Date on which the Act came into force: 30-3-1988 (Date of Assent).
  60. The Constitution (Sixtieth Amendment) Act, 1988. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-12-1988 (Date of Assent).
  61. The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988. Date on which the Act came into force: 28-3-1989 (Date of Assent).
  62. The Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Act, 1989. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-12-1989 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act, i.e. date on which the Bill for this Act is introduced in the Council of States).
  63. The Constitution (Sixty-third Amendment) Act, 1989. Date on which the Act came into force: 6-1-1990 (Date of Assent).
  64. The Constitution (Sixty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force: 16-4-1990 (Date of Assent).
  65. The Constitution (Sixty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force: 12-3-1992 (S.O. 204(E), dated 12-3-1992).
  66. The Constitution (Sixty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force: 7-6-1990 (Date of Assent).
  67. The Constitution (Sixty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force: 4-10-1990 (Date of Assent).
  68. The Constitution (Sixty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1991. Date on which the Act came into force: 12-3-1991 (Date of Assent).
  69. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-2-1992 (S.O. 96(E), dated 31-1-1992).
  70. The Constitution (Seventieth Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force:-- (i) S.2........Yet to be notified. (ii) S.3........21-12-1991 (as per s.1 (2) of the Act).
  71. The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force: 31-8-1992 (Date of Assent).
  72. The Constitution (Seventy-second Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force: 5-12-1992 (S.O. 887(E), dated 5-12-1992).
  73. The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force: 24-4-1993 (S.O. 267(E), dated 24-4-1993).
  74. The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-6-1993 (S.O. 346(E), dated 1-6-1993).
  75. The Constitution (Seventy-fifth Amendment) Act, 1993. Date on which the Act came into force: 15-5-1994 (S.O. 372(E), dated 13-5-1994).
  76. The Constitution (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994. Date on which the Act came into force: 31-8-1994 (Date of Assent).
  77. The Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act, 1995. Date on which the Act came into force: 17-6-1995 (Date of Assent).
  78. The Constitution (Seventy-eighth Amendment) Act, 1995. Date on which the Act came into force: 30-8-1995 (Date of Assent).
  79. The Constitution (Seventy-ninth Amendment) Act, 2000. Date on which the Act came into force: 25-1-2000 ( Date of Assent: 21-1-2000).
  80. The Constitution (Eightieth Amendment) Act, 2000 .Date on which the Act came into force: 9-6-2000 (Date of Assent)
  81. The Constitution (Eighty-first Amendment) Act, 2000. Date on which the Act came into force: 9-6-2000 (Date of Assent).
  82. The Constitution (Eighty-second Amendment) Act, 2000.Date on which the Act came into force: 8-9-2000 (Date of Assent)
  83. The Constitution (Eighty-third Amendment) Act, 2000.Date on which the Act came into force: 8-9-2000 (Date of Assent)
  84. The Constitution (Eighty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2001.Date on which the Act came into force: 21-02-2002 (Date of Assent)
  85. The Constitution (Eighty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2002. Date on which the Act came into force: 4-1-2002 (Date of Assent)
  86. The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002. Date on which the Act came into force: 12-12-2002 (Date of Assent)
  87. The Constitution (Eighty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act Assent) came into force: 22-06-2003 (Date of
  88. The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force: 15-01-2004 (Date of Assent)
  89. The Constitution (Eighty-ninth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force: 28-09-2003 (Date of Assent)
  90. The Constitution (Ninetieth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force: 28-09-2003 (Date of Assent)
  91. The Constitution (Ninety-First Amendment (174 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window) ) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force: 01-01-2004 (Date of Assent)
  92. The Constitution (Ninety-Second Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force: 07-01-2004 (Date of Assent)
  93. The Constitution (Ninety-Third Amendment (11 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window) ) Act, 2005. Date on which the Act came into force:20-01-2006
  94. The Constitution (Ninety-Fourth Amendment (27 KB) (PDF file that opens in a new window) ) Act, 2006. Date on which the Act came into force: 12-06-2006
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