REFERENCE BOOKS & STRATEGY

 REFERENCE BOOKS & STRATEGY

Agriculture

Suggested Reading for Preliminary Exam
1. Soil Science - D.K Das Or Brady
2. Agronomy By Yellamananda Reddy
3. Plant Breeding By B.D. Singh
4. Genetics By B.D. Singh
5. Physiology By Pandey & Singha
6. Indroduction To Horticulture - Kumar
7. Handbook Of Agriculture By ICAR
8. Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
9. Agricultural Extension Education in India

Suggested Reading for Mains Exam
1. Soil Science - D.K Das Or Brady
2. Agronomy By Yellamananda Reddy
3. Plant Breeding By B.D. Singh
4. Genetics By B.D. Singh
5. Physiology By Pandey & Singha
6. Indroduction To Horticulture - Kumar
7. Handbook Of Agriculture By ICAR
8. Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
9. Agricultural Extension Education in India
10.Pathology - Singh
11.Entomology - Vasantha Raj & David
12.The Hindu - Survey Of Indian Agriculture
13.Agricuture Statistics - Dept. of Agri. and coop. statistics at a glance -
www.agricoop.nic.in

Paper I
Paper I focuses basically on farm practices and basic foundation of agriculture.
Expression in the examination should be simple, application oriented and should
consist of flowcharts as and when required. Farm practices must correspond to the
Indian situation. Students should ensure that they should focus on sustainability
and economic dimensions of any method. Some examples must correspond to
recently debated issues in different areas. Agricultural marketing, pricing etc must
have latest data taken from Government of India reports such as economic survey
and ministry of agriculture's annual report.
Paper II
Students who have botany as another optional subject need not prepare cell biology,
genetics, biotechnology, plant breed, plant biochemistry and physiology separately.
These topics are already covered in botany. There should be emphasis on agricultural
application as well. Ideal books would be Plant Breeding by B D Singh and Plant
Physiology by Jain. Horticulture and Plant Pathology and Food Production only need


46to be covered separately. Students should always focus on India-specific examples
and commercial aspect while writing about agriculture and any plant disease. For
example, mention the loss in many terms due to a particular crop disease. There is
overlap with GS in the areas like ecology and environment, food security, crop
productivity, agricultural economics and sustainable agriculture. Preparation in
these subjects should be such that there would be no separate preparation required
for these topics in GS.

Anthropology


Anthropology is a popular optional which is being taken by many aspirants from
technical academic background. Those who have done their graduation in life
sciences can seriously give this a thought as there is a substantial syllabus in Paper-I
which deals with concepts like evolution of man, genetics, nutrition, adaptation, etc.
However, those who are not acquainted with biology need feel apprehensive as these
topics could be easily mastered with sincere efforts. A testimony to this is the fact
that numerous engineers have succeeded with Anthropology as one of their optionals.

 Paper-I can be broadly divided into Physical Anthropology and Socio-Cultural
Anthropology. Physical Anthropology is purely factual and, therefore, highly scoring.
However, the aspirants need to work hard and revise regularly to be well versed with
the facts. It advisable to practice diagrams as they are mandatory when an answer
from Physical Anthropology is attempted. Different stages of human evolution should
be studied comparatively, preferably by making tables, to make it easier to
remember. In Genetics, get the basic biological and medical concepts right.  Short
questions are frequently asked from human evolution and genetics. So prepare these
two areas well for short questions. P. Nath's Physical Anthropology is a good book,
which covers most of the topics. However, for current topics like Forensic
Anthropology, personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics
Paternity diagnosis genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA technology-prevention and
cure of diseases, Anthropo-gentics, Serogenetics and cytogenetics etc refer other
sources and keep abreast of the latest developments.

Socio-Cultural Anthropology deals with issues like Family-Marriage-Kinship (FMK),
Religion, Political Anthropology, Economic Anthropology, Developmental
Anthropology etc. These topics are easy to understand. However, you must learn
sufficient number of examples and case studies to attempt essay questions. In
addition to this, you should make an effort to add a contemporary touch by quoting
recent examples to make your answers better than the average ones. In
Developmental Anthropology, you must be conscious that the answers have an
anthropological perspective and do not resemble a general essay. Try depicting the
impact of development on different institutions of society like FMK, religion, economy,
social structure etc.




47Anthropological Thought is an important chapter for two reasons. Firstly, it gives you
insights and case studies on various social institutions like religion, politics, social
structure, economics etc. These could be used when you attempt questions from
Socio-Cultural Anthropology. Secondly, often direct questions are asked from this
area, which are highly scoring. However, in recent times, the trend is to ask
questions comparing different thinkers rather than direct ones. So one should have a
holistic view of different streams of thoughts.

Paper- II consists of Indian Anthropology. The first part covers various socio-cultural
aspects of the Indian society. The second part focuses mainly on tribals.
Conceptually, Paper-II is easy to understand. However, to score well you need to
supplement your answers with various case studies and contemporary issues.
Nadeem Hasnain's Indian Anthropology and Tribal India give you basic required
knowledge. For more information, you may refer to M. N. Srinivas for caste issues,
Ram Ahuja for social issues and L. P. Vidhyarthi for Tribal issues. For latest
developments, it is advisable to read magazines like Yojana, Kurukshetra, Frontline
etc for information on social and tribal issues.

To conclude, the strength of Anthropology as an Optional is the ease in
understanding. Only Physical Anthropology demands some efforts to understand the
concepts clearly. Since socio-cultural anthropology makes up for a significant part of
Paper – I and almost the whole of Paper – II, there is a wide scope to give the answers
a contemporary touch with current examples and issues. Its weakness lies in the
difficulty in gathering information. Since Anthropology is not offered at graduation
level and since the aspirants with Anthropology are not as numerous as those of
Public Administration or History, it is a little difficult to get books which have all the
required topics at one place. Hence, it is a time-tested practice of many successful
candidates to follow the notes / material, particularly that of Prof. Muniratnam.
However, caution should be exercised while selecting the material / notes and they
should not be solely and blindly relied upon. As with any other optional, it is
important to practice writing answers, especially in those areas where the
information is not very forthcoming like ethnicity, biological consequences of
population control and family welfare, ethnomedicine, etc.


Botany

Suggested Reading:











50Paper-1
Lower Boiology (Algae, Fungi, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms): Singh,
Pandey & Jain

Bacteria & Virus: H.C.Dubey

Microbiology: Taro & Kapoor


Plant Pathology: 1) P.D. Sharma – “Plant Pathology”; 2) R.S.Sharma – “Principles of
Plant Pathology”

Economic Botany: 1) B.P. Pandey – “Economic Botany”; 2) Few topics from Kochar

Plant Taxonomy: O.P.Sharma

Introduction to Botany (for Degree students): A.C.Dutta

Paper-2

Cell Biology:  1) “Cell Biology & Genetics” – P.K.Verma
      2) Plant Physiology – Pandey & Sinha
      3) Genetics – P.K.Gupta (for few topics)

Genetics:    1) B.D.Singh – Genetics
      2) Pudan Singh – Introduction to Genetics
   3) P.K.Gupta – Genetics

Plant Breeding:  1) B.D.Singh
   2)Pudan Singh

Biotechnology:  1) B.D. Singh

Plant Physiology:  1) Pandey & Sinha
   2) V.K. Jain
      3)Taiz & Zeiger (Photosynthesis, Respiration & Stress Physiology)

Ecology:    1) P.D. Singh


Chemistry

Suggested Reading:

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY




51•   Gaseous state, Thermodynamics, Phase rule, solutions, Colligative properties,
Electro Chemistry, Catalysis, Colloids - Principals of physical chemistry - Puri,
Sharma & Pathawa
•   Chemical kinetics - Advance physical chemistry - Gurdeep Raj
•   Photo chemistry - A text book of physical chemistry (Vol. - IV) - K.L. Kapoor
•   Advance physical chemistry - Gurdeep Raj.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

•   Bonding and shape of organic molecules, Stereo chemistry of carbon
compound - Reactions and reagents - O.P. Agarwal
•   A guide to mechanism in organic chemistry - Peter Sykes
•   Rest of the chapters - A text book of organic chemistry - Bahl & Bahl

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

•   Atomic Structure - Principle of physical chemistry - Puri, Sharma & Pathwa
•   Advance inorganic chemistry - J.D. Lee
•   Chemical Periodicity, Chemical bonding,Coordination compound - Selected
topics in inorganic chemistry - Maden, Malik, Tuli
•   Theoretical principles of inorganic chemistry - G.S. Manku,
•   Extradiction of metals, Principle of inorganic chemistry - Puri, Sharma, Jauhar.
•   Rest all the chapters - An advance inorganic chemistry - J.D. Lee
•   Pollution and its control - A text book of environmental chemistry and pollution
- S.S. Dara.

Paper 1
Paper-1 has two major branches: Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry. These
two branches are simple as well as scoring. Generally, the main examination
question paper Section A contains three questions including compulsory from
Physical Chemistry. There is usually one question from Inorganic Chemistry.

The first two topics, Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding, are conceptual and
should be prepared from standard sources. Even though these portions can give you
direct questions as well, their importance will be felt in many other sections of the
course.

In Solid State Chemistry, you need to prepare separately for numerical and
theoretical problems. Gaseous State is a newly added section in Paper 1 and the best
thing about this section is that it has a simple mathematical base. Prepare it
adequately and it will fetch you good marks.

In Thermodynamics, be careful to maintain an orientation of Chemistry. There is a
common tendency among engineers to treat the questions too mathematically. But in
Chemistry, you have to treat heat change along with chemical change. For a good
score, your derivations must be standard, i.e. as covered in books like S Glasstone's.


52You can be somewhat selective in Thermodynamics section, based on past trends.
Statistical Thermodynamics is a newly-added part, and it is quite scoring. The section
on Phase Equilibria needs good writing practice besides command over numerical
problems. The emphasis in electrochemistry should be on numerical problems, as
they are relatively easy and make the paper scoring.

Chemical Kinetics and Photochemistry are, once again, predominantly numerical
based areas. So practice will be the key to handle these sections well. Photochemistry
is especially important; it has been giving numerical problems of at least 30 marks
every year.

Coordination chemistry is a large topic, covering nearly two full-length questions.
Students are advised to cover this section thoroughly. The topic of Bio-Inorganic
Chemistry requires some good material collection. Bob Buchanan's book on Plant
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry will be a useful source.

Paper 2
Paper 2 comprises completely of Organic Chemistry. In the new scheme of the
syllabus, it's a highly scoring paper due to several factors: mathematical orientation,
straight factual queries, objective nature of most of the question, availability of
quality material and emphasis on reaction mechanisms.

The student, while preparing for Paper 2, is required to keep the following things in
mind:

•   Practice the numerical problems rigorously and you must have a clear
knowledge of reaction mechanisms, as the questions are increasingly being
asked straight and factual.
•   In Pericyclic Reaction section, a greater emphasis has to be on diagrams rather
than on theoretical explanation and practice name reactions thoroughly from
standard sources.
•   The orientation of orbitals and molecular orbital diagrams are necessary.

Civil Engineering
Suggested Reading:

Strength of material-- Gere and Timoshenko
Concrete Technology-- M.S. Shetty
R.C.C. (WSM)-- Shyal and Goyal
R.C.C. (LSM)-- A.K. Jain
Steel Structure-- L.S. Negi
Soil Mechanics-- K.R. Arora
Fluid Mechanics-- Modi & Seth
Theory of Structure (Vol - II)-- Vazirani and Ratwani
Irrigation Engineering-- S.K. Garg



53Prestress Concrete-- N. Krishna Rajee
Engineering Hydrology-- K. Subramanya


1. Selection of books: It is advisable not to go through a lot of books, instead go
through one quality book on each topic which clarifies your basic concept. Standard
books not only save your precious time but also guide you as a perfect teacher. So
always rely on standard good books.

2. Emphasis on Numericals: As the question paper consists of a sizeable number of
numericals, due emphasis advisable. Select topics that are frequently asked under
the numerical head. Also go through the solved/unsolved numerical examples of any
standard book. Needless to say that numericals handled tactfully can pay you high
dividends.

3. Importance of related IS-codes: The related IS-codes form an important part of
your paper so learn all the IS-codes by heart. One, therefore must follow the related
IS codes for design. Some important codes are: For RC.C.- IS - 456 - 1978, For steel -
IS . 800 - 1984.

4. Draw neat diagrams to fetch good marks: Neat and clean diagrams at once catches
the attention of examiner and it also proves very useful for detailing purposes. So
always emphasis on neat and clear diagrams so as to catch hold the attention of the
examiner at once and fetch good marks.

5. Prefer you own notes: It is always advisable to make notes of the related topics. A
well crafted notes solves two purposes. On the one hand the aspirant goes through
the syllabus once and on the other hand it is of immense help on the eve of
examination.



Commerce

General Study List

•   Company Law: N.D.Kapoor
•   Management: Kunj
•   Auditing: Dinkar Pagare
•   Management Concepts: C.V.Gupta


Topics Study List

•   Financial Accounting: Grewal, Monga
•   Cost Accounting: Maheshwari & Mittal


54•   Taxation: Singhania, Girish Ahuja
•   Auditing: Kamal Gupta
•   Financial Institution: Anand Jain
•   Financial Management: I.M.Panday
•   Organisation Theory: L.M.Prasad, Rao Narayanan, R.S.Sharma
•   Industrial Relation: Mamoria, Singh & Chabra, Monappa


Economics

Book List for Reference: (Judicious selection of books is recommended)

•   Dictionary of Economics - Ghaham Bannock; T.E. Baxter, Ray Rees (Penguin)
•   Economics (Read Relevant Chapters) - Paul A. Samuelson
•   The Hindu: Survey of Agriculture & Survey of Industry
•   An Introduction to Economics - A.W. Stonier and D.C. Hauge
•   Monetary Theory and Public Policy - Kenneth Kurihara
•   Economic Survey: Eighth Five Year Plan: New Industrial Policy - Government of
India
•   Outline of Monetary Economics (Read Relevant Chapters) - A.C.I. Day
•   Public Finance - H.L. Bhatia
•   Modern Banking (Read Relevant Chapters) - R.S. Sayers
•   Indian Economy - Mishra and Puri
•   Macro Economic Analysis - Edward Shepiro
•   Indian Economy - R. Dutt and KPM Sundaram
•   Money Supply in India: Concepts, Compilation and Analysis (Sec.1-3 New
Series only): Functions and Working (Read Relevant Chapters) - Reserve Bank
of India
•   Economic Growth and Development - Mayer and Baldwin
•   Public Finance - K.K. Andley and Sundaram
•   International Economics - Bo Soderston
•   National Income Accounting - Bakerman
•   Economics Choice - Koutsweanik
•   Banking - S.B. Gupta
•   International Trade - Bo Soderston
•   The Economic Times and Economical and Political Weekly.


Electrical Engineering

Suggested Reading

Paper-I

1.  Electrical Circuits
a)  Electrical Circuits – 1&2by Nasser, Schaum Series


55b)  Electrical Circuits by Chakraborty
c)  Network Analysis by Vanvulkenberg
d)  Electrical Circuits by Hast & Kimberly, TMH Series.
2.  Electromagnetic Theory
a)  Field Theory by K.A. Gangadhar
b)  Electromagnetic Waves by Jordan & Balmian
c)  Electromagnetic Theory by Saddique, Oxford Publications
3.  Microwaves and Antennas
a)  Microwaves by Kulakarni
b)  Microwaves by Liu, PHI Publications
c)  Electromagnetic Theory by Saddique, Oxford Publications.
d)  Electromagnetic Waves by Jordan & Balmian.
4.  Analog Communication
a)  Communication Systems, 2
 Edition, by Simon Haykins.
b)  Analog and Digital Communications by K. Sam Sanmugam
c)  Analog and Digital Communications, Schaum Series
d)  Communication Systems by Kennedy.
nd




5.  Analog Electronics
a)  Micro electronics by Milliman and Grabel.
b)  Integrated Electronics by Milliman and Halkius
c)  Pulse, Digital & Switching Waveforms by Taub abd Schilling
d)  Op-amps by Roy Chowdhury
e)  Op-Amps by Gaykwad
6.  Digital Electronics
a)  Digital Design by Morris Mano.
b)  Switching theory and Logical Design by Kohavi.
c)  Digital Electronics by R P Jain.
7.  Electrical Machines
a)  Electrical Machines by P.S. Bhimbra
b)  Generalised theory of Machines by P.S. Bhimbra
c)  Electrical Machines by Nagrath and Kothari
8.  Power electronics and electrical drives
a)  Power Elctronics by P.S.Bhimbra
b)  Power Electronics by Rushid
c)  Electrical Drives by G.K. Dubey
9.  Signals and Systems
a)  Signals and Systems by Oppenheim & Schaber
b)  Digital Signal Processing by Proakis, Maholanakis
c)  Digital Signal Processing by oppenheim & Willsky
d)  Signals and Systems, Schaum Series.

Paper-II

1.  Control Systems
a)  Modern Control Systems by Nagrath and Gopal
b)  Control Systems by B C Kuo.


562.  Electrical Measurements
a)  Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments by A K Sawhney.
b)  Electronic Measurements by Cooper & etc., PHI Publications.
3.  Power System Operation & Control
a)  Power System Analysis by C L Wadhwa
b)  Power Systems by Nagrath and Kothari
c)  Power Systems by Ashfaq Hussein
d)  Modern Power System Analysis by Nagrath
e)  Power Systems by Sunil S Rao (for topics like RTU, SCADA, FACTS etc.)
4.  Power System Protection
a)  Power System Protection by Badri Ram and Vishwa Karma, TMH
Publications
b)  Power Systems by C L Wadhwa
c)  Power Systems by Nagrath and Kothari
5.  Non Conventional Energy resources
a)  Non-conventional Energy Resources by G.D.Rai, Khanna Publicaions.
6.  IC Fabrication and Technology
a)  Microelectronics by Milliman and Grabel
b)  Linear Integrated Circuits by Roy Chowdhury.
7.  Radar, Satellite and TV
a)  Microwaves by Kulakarni.
b)  Communication Systems by Kennedy.
c)  Satellite Engineering by John Wiley Publications.
8.  Microprocessors
a)  8085Microprocessor by Ramesh S Goankar
b)  8086 Microprocessor by Hall, TMH Publications.
9.  Fibre Optic Communication
a)  Fibre Optic Communications by Senior, PHI Publications
10.  Digital Communications
a)  Analog & Digital Communications by K Sam Sanmugam
b)  Analog & Digital Communications by Schum Series
c)  Digital Communications by Simon Haykin
11.  Electrical Engineering Materials
a)
Electrical Engineering Materials by Seth & Gupta
b)  Electrical Engineering Materials by Dekker.


Strategy

The syllabus of electrical engineering can be classified into three categories.





1
st
i)  Syllabus common to both electrical engineering and electronics
engineering
ii)  Electrical engineering subjects
iii)  Electronics engineering subjects

 Category


57Paper-1: Electrical Circuits; Signals and Systems; Analog Electronics; Digital
Electronics
Paper-2: Control Systems; electrical Measurements; Microprocessors; electrical
Materials

2
 Category
Paper-1: Electrical Machines; Power Electronics and Drives
Paper-2: Power Systems Analysis and Control; Power Systems Protection; Non
Conventional Energy Sources

3
nd






 Category
Paper-1: Analog communication; Microwaves and Antennas; EM Theory
Paper-2: Radar, Satellite and TV; IC Fabrication; Fibre Optic Communications; Digital
Communications

For Electrical Background Students:

Paper-1: You have to read two electrical engineering subjects mentioned in 2
rd









Category and Common subjects mentioned in 1
st
nd
 Category.

Attempt question numbers 1,2,3,5 and 8. Hence you can attempt
(55+55+60+55+60=) 285 marks. If you can read EM Theory also, then you can
attempt (60+60+60+55+60=) 295 marks. Due to paucity of time in the exam, you may
not be able to attempt more than 250 marks. If one is hard pressed for time, one can
leave Signals and Systems. Even then one can attempt 265 marks.

Therefore the priority of subjects must be as follows:
1)  Electrical Circuits
2)  Electrical Machines
3)  Power Electronics
4)  Analog Electronics
5)  Digital Electronics

If you have time, then read Signals and Systems & EM Theory. If you don’t have time,
then read the first 3 subjects above and still you can attempt 220 marks.

Paper-2
We have to read three Electrical Engineering subjects mentioned in 2
 Category and
four subjects mentioned in 1
st
nd
 Category. In addition read IC Fabrication as it is a
small subject.

Attempt questions numbers 1,2,3,5 and 8. You can attempt (60+60+60+60+60=) 300
marks. If you are hard pressed for time, read only 4 subjects (Control Systems, Power
Systems Analysis and Control, Power Systems Protection and Non Conventional
Energy Sources) and you can attempt (40+60+40+20+60=) 220 marks. If possible
then read electrical materials, IC Fabrication and Electrical Measurements. Then you


58can attempt (60+60+60+60+60=) 300 marks. Therefore the priority of subjects must
be as follows:
1)  Control Systems
2)  Power Systems Analysis and Control
3)  Power Systems Protection
4)  Non Conventional Energy Sources
5)  Electrical Materials
6)  IC Fabrication
7)  Electrical Measurements
8)  Microprocessors

My Experience
2005 Attempt: I attempted around 219 marks in paper 1 and I got 180 marks. I
attempted around 270 marks in Paper 2 and I got 188 marks.

2006 attempt: I attempted around 253 marks in paper 1 and I got 200 marks. I
attempted around 260 marks in Paper 2 and I got 195 Marks.

For Electronics Engineering Background Students:
Paper 1: We have to read three Electronics Engineering subjects mentioned in 3

Category (Analog Communication, Microwaves and Antennas and EM Theory) and
Common subjects mentioned in 1
st
rd


 Category (Electrical Circuits, Signals and
Systems, Analog Electronics and Digital Electronics).

Attempt question numbers 1,4,5,6 and 7. We can attempt (60+60+60+60+60=) 300
marks. If one is hard pressed for time, one can leave Signals and Systems & EM
Theory. Even then one can attempt 265 marks.

Therefore the priority of subjects must be as follows:
1)  Electrical Circuits
2)  Analog Communication
3)  Microwaves and Antennas
4)  Analog Electronics
5)  Digital Electronics
6)  EM Theory and
7)  Signals and Systems

If one doesn’t have much time, prepare only 4 subjects (Elctrical Circuits, Analog
Communication, Microwaves and Antennas and EM Theory) and still can attempt
220 marks.

Paper –2:

We have to read four Electronic engineering subjects mentioned in 3
 Category
(Radar, Satellite and TV, IC Fabrication, Fibre Optic Communications and Digital



59
rdCommunications) and three subjects mentioned in 1
 Category (Microprocessors,
Electrical Measurements and Electrical Materials).
Attempt question numbers 1,4,5,6 and 7. The n you can attempt (40+60+60+60+60=)
280 marks. Therefore the priority of subjects must be as follows:
1)  Radar, Satellite and TV
2)  Digital Communications
3)  IC Fabrication
4)  Fibre Optic Communications
5)  Electrical Materials
6)  Electrical Measurements and
7)  Microprocessors
st















For preliminary exam, practice previous question papers.
Geography

Geography has become a very popular optional for the Civil Service Exam. The scores
have also been good enough and many became successful with this optional.

The main advantages of Geography as an optional are:
•   Availability of good material and guidance. There are many successful
candidates with this optional, which makes easy access to strategy required.
•   Geography is helpful for the GS prelims &mains, essay, interview and even for
some other optionals.
•   The map questions make it a very scoring subject.
•   There is enormous scope for innovations in writing which can boost the scores.
•   Students from science background find it easy to tune to this subject.


There are certain points, which should be kept in mind while preparing for
geography:
•   Read the basics well and then think on your own about how to make innovative
answers.
•   Because of availability of much material, there is a tendency to do a research
kind of preparation. This is highly counter productive.
•   Prepare basics well with good clarity. You may refer the standard book for this.
Then if required just scan through other books for any different dimension. Do
not start mugging each and every book from end-to-end.
•   Take the topic, do intense questioning to get clarity. Then in a logical manner
prepare a structure for the notes.
•   Use lot of maps, diagrams, flow charts, graphs, etc. Be as innovative as
possible.


World Map: This question is highly scoring. The aspirant should spend good amount
of time in mastering the world map. The examiner is only interested in testing the
basics and important places. But some times very difficult map points are asked as


60done in 2003. But the preparation should not be based on that year’s question. In
general, focus should be on preparing the basic points, which are more likely to be
asked. If preparation is based on 2003 paper, then it is not possible to master all
small and insignificant map points. Finally it will be counter productive, as there is a
chance of forgetting even the basics.

While writing the 10 words, you need not put a sentence. Just put down as much
info as possible using “;”. Also, underline the most significant fact.

For example - Rekjavik: Iceland; capital city; northernmost capital;
 very cold climate;
midnight sun; geological studies; Mid-Atlantic ridge;


India Map:
This question is highly scoring and the candidate should prepare well. Here also only
the basics and important points are being asked. So, first analyse the previous
questions and prepare accordingly.
In writing the answer, try to put as much as you know.
Eg. Kaveri: Karnataka-Kerala-TN; Source-Talakaveri; Western Ghats; Delta in TN;
major river; highly used for irrigation; Inter-state river water dispute; Mettur dam;
Krishnasagar dam; Tiruchi; hydroelectricity;  ……..

Suggested Reading:

Old NCERT books are better than the new ones for basic clarity. You should also go
through the new books for the latest data and analysis.

•   Savindra Singh- Geomorphology, Physical geography, Environmental
Geography
•   Majid Hussain- Physical geography, Human Geography, General Geography
and geography of India.
•   Climatology by Lal
•   Oceanography by Vattal
•   Rupa publications on Physical and human geography- vol 1&2
•   Regional geography - Rai Choudhary, Puri
•   India- Khullar
•   Certified physical and human geography- Goh Cheng Leong , its very good for
the basics.
•   Spectrum Geography guide- it is quite a good compilation with lots of
diagrams. It can be depended upon for many areas. Keep reading this for every
topic. The only problem is lack of clarity, otherwise it is a helpful source.
•   Urban geography- Ramachandran

Maps:
•   NCERT - prepare notes as you come across various points in the maps.
•   Atlas- Ttk, Orient Longman


61
REFERENCE BOOKS FOR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION :
1. 6th to 12th NCERT Books for Geography.
2. Certificate of Physical Geography - Goh Cheng Leong.
3. Physical Geography -Savindra Singh
4.Physical Geography - Made simple series - Rupa Publications
5. Economic & Commercial Geography - Made Simple Series - Rupa Publications.
6. Human and Economic Geography - Leong & Norgan
7. Human Geography - Majid Hussain.
8. Geographical thoughts - Majid Hussain.
9. Field Work - 11 th NCERT.
10. Cartography - R.L. Singh
11. Geography of India - Gopal Singh
12. Economic & Commercial Geography of India - C.B. Memoria
13. Orient longman - Atlas.
14. TTK - Atlas
15. Dictionary of Geography - Penguin
16. Spectrum guide for Geography.
17. Siddhartha - Preliminary Question Bank.
18. Geography Guide - Narmadeshwar Prasad.

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR MAINS EXAMINATION :
Paper - I

•   Physical geography - Savinder Singh
•   The Earth's dynamic surface - K. Sidhartha
•   Physical geography - Strahler & Strahler
•   Climatology - D.S. Lal
•   Physical geography made simple - Rupa
•   Oceanography - Sharma & Vital
•   Biogeography - Savinder Singh
•   Evolution of geographical thoughts - Majid Hussain and Adhikari
•   Economic geography - K. Sidhartha
•   Economic and social geography made simple - Rupa
•   Urban geography - K. Sidhartha
•   Human geography - Majid Hussain
•   Geography of population - R.C. Chandra
•   Regional Planning in India - hand & Puri
•   Political geography - Dixit

Paper - II

•   Physical environment - NCERT
•   NCERT Class XII
•   India: Physical aspects - K Sidhartha
•   Geography of India - Mamoria


62•   Agricultural geography - Majid Hussain
•   Agricultural problems in India - Sadhu and Singh
•   Economic & Commercial geography of India - Mamoria
•   India's urbanisation and urban systems - R. Ramachandran
•   Regional planning in India - Chand and Puri
•   Political geography - Dixit
•   India: political aspects - K. Sidhartha

REFERENCE BOOKS OVERALL :
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

•   NCERT Vol -1
•   Physical Geography - Bunnett
•   Certificate physical and human geography - Goh, Cheng Leong
•   Physical Geography made simple

HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

•   Human and Economic Geography - NCERT
•   Economic Geography, Economic and Social Geography made simple
•   Penguim masters studies on geography
•   The Cultural Landscape - Rubeistein

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

•   Indian geography - Rammorthy Gopalakrishnan
•   Physical geography of India - S.M. Mathur
•   General geography - NCERT
•   Mineral of India - NBT (Wadia)
•   Resources and regional development - NCERT
•   Catography - R.L. Singh
•   World regional geography - Fellnan
•   Work book - K. Siddhartha and S. Mukherjee
•   Question Bank - Surendra Singh, 1000
•   Geography quiz - Muthiah


Geology

Suggested Reading

•   Geology: An Introduction - Kronaris and Krambine
•   Text Book of Geology - P.K. Mukherjee
•   Text Book of Physical Geology - Mahapatra
•   Geomorphology - Woolridge or Tharnbury
•   Principles of Petrology - G.W. Turrel


63•   Petrography - Williams
•   Mineral and Crystal Science - V.C. Jesh
•   Sedimentary Rocks - Petti John
•   Underground Hydrology - David Keith Toad
•   Igneous Rocks and Metromorphic Petrology - Turner
•   Ocean - Squaredrop, Johnson and Bliming
•   Simple Geological Structure - Plate and Charlincr
•   Soil Minerology - I. E. Grim
•   A Dictionary of Geology - Morrison

History

Suggested Reading:

Basic Material: NCERT and Agnihotri.*

Ancient History

1.  Early India – Romilla Thaper*
2.  Ashoka and Decline of Mauryan Empire – Romilla Thaper
3.  Ancient India – D.N. Jha*
4.  Ancient India – V.D.Mahajan
5.  South Indian History – Nilakanta Sastry*
6.  The wonder that was India- AL Basham*
7.  Ancient India – R.C.Mazumdar

Medieval India

1.  Advanced study in the history of Medieval India – JL Mehta ( 3 parts)*
2.  Medieval India- Satish Chandra ( 2 Parts)*
3.  The Sultanate of Delhi – A L Srivastava*
4.  The Mughal Empire - A L Srivastava*
5.  The wonder that was India- Rizvi

Modern India

1.  Modern India – Grover & Grover
2.  Indias Struggle for freedom – Bipin Chandra*
3.  Modern India – Sumit Sarkar*
4.  Social background of Indian History – A R Desai

World History





1.  Europe since the French Revolution – L. Mukherjee*
2.  IGNOU material



64The books with star mark are standard and must. Other books are supplementary.

Strategy

History has been one of the 'most popular' optional subjects for mains. If you are not
intimidated by a big syllabus, this subject has following advantages:

•   Easier to grasp,
•   No dearth of study material and
•   Covers an important segment of General Studies paper on account of
overlapping themes.

In contrast to the Prelim Exam, which seeks to stress more on facts and extensive
coverage of themes, the Main Exam stresses on conceptualization behind the facts of
historical happenings. Listed below is the 'right strategy' for the mains.

Ancient Indian history
In the new syllabus, there is greater emphasis on sources of early Indian history. In
archaeology, one has to keep oneself abreast with the latest findings. The politico
administrative history from pre-Mauryan period - rise of Mahajanapadas, to post
Gupta period-beginning of feudalism and centrifugal trends has been given more
significance in the revised syllabus. You should start from Indus civilisation and
trace the evolution upto the post-Gupta period; Major Philosophical thinkers and
schools, wherein you should take into account Brahmanical, Buddhist and Jain
philosophical schools. In science and mathematics, you can start from the
contribution of the Harappans to Aryabhatta.

Medieval Indian History
To make it simple, you should categorise this section into five subsections: This part
of the syllabus gives greater emphasis on contemporary historians and sources of the
medieval Indian history. Prepare them for short questions; whereas study the Delhi
sultanate in totality. Likewise treat the Mughals holistically, giving special emphasis
on the age of Akbar; in this unit, include all the provincial dynasties while the
Cholas, the Vijayanagar and the Marathas should be prepared for a major question
and for the last which is perhaps the most important unit from the examination point
of view, you must have a comparative and evolutionary approach.

Modern Indian History
Modern Indian history requires a chronological study.

British conquests and Indian reactions: The syllabus mentions Mysore, Punjab, the
Marathas and their resistance against the colonial power. You should study the
political, social and economic circumstances leading to the 1857 revolt and other
uprisings, such as tribal, civil and peasants.

British economic policy: An important aspect of British colonisation was economic



65exploitation of India and its ruinous impact on Indian society. In this regard pro
nationalistic and Leftist ideological viewpoints must be taken into account.

Socio-cultural aspects: It can include sub-topics like Indian Renaissance, Christian
missionary activities, evolution of educational and social policies and its role in rise of
nationalism in India. Other sub-topics, such as on literary personalities like Tagore,
Premchand, S Bharati and others; film and theatre are important as well. It reflects a
shift towards cultural evolution of modern India.

Freedom struggle: A thorough and in-depth study of history of Indian nationalism
from 1885-foundation of Congress to 1947 - partition and freedom is a must. This
section accounts for 90-100 marks in Main General Studies paper too. Sub-divide the
particular unit into following section: 1885 to 1916, which includes early Indian
nationalism upto 'Home Rule' movement; 1916 to 1945, which is the 'Gandhian era'.
You can start form 'Champaran experiment' to 'Quit India movement'. The Gandhian
thought and methods of mass mobilisation should be given special emphasis; 1945 to
1947 - a chronological study of this portion will be the right approach. Analyse how
and why Indian nationalism, at the end yielded a paradoxical result, which is
partition and freedom together; other strands of national movement, which ran
parallel to the Congress movement; rise and growth of the revolutionary terrorism;
Swarajist movement; social and communist movements; Indian National Army - role
of Subhash Chandra Bose and rise and growth of communalism.

Independence to 1964: This unit includes the Nehruvian era and development of an
independent Indian polity, Constitution, planned economy and foreign policy.

World history
There has been a shift towards conceptualisation and generalisation of events than
factual study of individual events themselves. You can start with Renaissance,
enlightenment and socialist ideas. Similarly undertake a study of all the major
revolutions that shaped the modern world history. Moreover, the two World Wars
have to be studied as total wars. Going through the new syllabus, one can safely
conclude that mastering the European history can fetch more marks now. The
second half of this section makes world history more contemporary and relevant. This
section now covers important portions of General Studies' paper too.

A good book on international politics or contemporary history will suffice for this
portion. You are now expected to have detailed and in-depth understanding of the
post-World War II developments, such as the 'Cold War' and division of world into
two military blocs, NATO and Warsaw pact; emergence of the 'Third World' and their
decision to remain nonaligned; United Nations; decolonisation and factors
constraining development of the newly-independent Latin American and African
countries.

At the same time you should study the circumstances leading to the end of the 'Cold
War' and the US ascendancy in the world, as well as the disintegration of Soviet



66Union, fall of Berlin wall and the US and the UN victory in the Gulf war. Another
important strand of contemporary history is process of integration deciding fate of
nations across the globe, which is 'Globalisation'. Continent-wise, Europe has already
achieved a major success in this regard in the form of the European Union.


Law

Suggested Reading:
Indian Penal Code
-- Atchuthen Pillai
-- Ratanlal Dhiraj Lal

Law of Tort
-- Atchuthen Pillai
-- R.K. Bangia
-- Winfield

Constitutional Law
-- V.N. Shukla
-- S.K. Kapoor
-- J.N. Pandey

Merchantile Law
-- R.K. Bangia
-- Avatar Singh
-- Pollack and Mulla

Jurisprudence
-- P.K. Tripathi
-- Dias

Management

Paper I
1. Organisational Design: Khandwala; Madhukar Shukla (both)
2. Organisational Behaviour: Luthans and Robbins- for some portions Blanchart is
also good.
3. Strategic Cost Management: Business Today supplements
4. Economics: Any good economics book
5. Management: Terry and Franklin; Koontz and Donnel ; Koontz and weihrich (any
one)
6. Strategic Management: Michael Porter
Paper II
1. Marketing: Kotler and any one Indian author book(Saxena/Ramaswami etc.)
2. Financial: Pandey/Chandra/Khan & Jain/Bearley - Any two


673. Information Technology: Any good book which gives holistic view covering all the
topics along with Internet based notes.
4. International: Business Media and Government Rules on export procedures,
transfer pricing etc.
5. Operations: Adams/Taha
6. HRD: Mammoria/Monappa/Prasad/Flippo - Any two.


Suggested Strategy for Management

•   Its better to cover the full syllabus.
•   Prepare short notes on each topic
•   Write crisply and focus on the operational part of the question
•   Do gives examples as and when required
•   Maintain a list of cases related to each topic
•   Theoretical reference should be given in a pointed and directed manner.
•   Prepare with special focus: Organization Design and chapter one topics: key
areas like nature and functions of management, organizational goals and
newer organizational formats in 21st century.
•   Attempt finance question only if conceptually very clear about that question.
•   If possible, write at least one question from international trade.


Mathematics

Book List

Paper-I

Part- A
1.  Linear Algebra
a)  Linear Algebra by Sharma and Vashishta
b)  Theory of Matrices by Sharma and Vashishta, Krishna Series.
c)  B.Sc Text Books by S. Chand Publications
2.  Calculus
a)  Differential Calculus by Sharma and Vashishta, Krishna Series.
b)  Integral Calculus by Sharma and Vashishta, Krishna Series
3.  Analytical Geometry
a)  Two Dimensional Geometry by S.Chand Publications, Simplified Series
b)  Analytical Geometry by P.N.Chatterjee

Part – B

1.  Ordinary Differential Equations
a)  Ordinary Differential Equations by Rai Singhania
2.  Statics, Dynamics and Hydrostatics


68a)  Statics by S. Chand Publications
b)  Dynamics by P.N.Chatterjee.
c)  Hydrostatics by S. Chand Publications.
3.  Vector Calculus
a)  Vector Algebra by M.L.Khanna
b)  Vector Analysis by M.L.Khanna
c)  B.Sc. 1
 year Mathematics Textbook by S.Chand Publications

Paper – II

Part – A

st







1.  Algebra
a)  Modern Algebra by Sharma and Vashishta. Krishna Series
b)  Algebra by Herstein, John Wiley Publications
2.  Real Analysis
a)  B.Sc. 2
 & 3
 year Mathematics Books by S. Chand Publications
b)  Real Analysis by Sharma and Vashishta, Krishna Series.
c)  Real Analysis by M.L. Khanna
nd
rd



3.  Linear Programming
a) Linear Programming by S.D.Sharma
4.  Complex Analysis
a)  Complex Analysis by S.P.Tyagi
b)  Complex Analysis byM.L.Khanna


Part – B

1.  Partial Differential Equations
a)  Boundary Value Problems by Rai Singhania
b)  Partial Differential Equations by Ion Sneddon
2.  Numerical Methods
a)  Numerical Analysis by S S Sastry, TMH Publications
b)  Numerical Methods by V.Rajaramn
c)  Progrmming in Basic by E.Balguruswamy, TMH Publications
d)  Brilliant Tutorials Material set No.10.
3.  Mechanics and Hydrodynamics
a)  Mechanics by S.Chand Publications
b)  Mechanics by M.L.Khanna
c)  Hydrodynamics by Rai Singhania.

Strategy – Mathematics

Paper – I




69Part – A
Question
No.
Topic
1(a)
1(b)
Linear Algebra
1(c)
1(d)
Calculus
1(e)
1(f)
Geometry
2(a)-(d) Linear Algebra
3(a)-(d) Calculus
4(a)-(d) Geometry
Part – B
5(a)
5(b)
5(c)
5(d)
5(e)
Ordinary Differential
Equations
Statics, Dynamics,
Hydrostatics
5(f) Vector Calculus
6(a)-(d) Ordinary Differential
Equations
7(a)-(d) Statics, Dynamics,
Hydrostatics
8(a)-(d) Vector Calculus

Strategy for Paper-I

Question 1 & 5 are compulsory. Out of remaining 5 questions, 3 needs to be
answered chosing at least one from each part. So, in total 22 problems (5+5 from
compulsory questions and 3x4 = 12 from other 3 questions.) needs to be answered.
Ordinary Differential Equations, Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra and Calculus are
relatively easy topics. If one prepares for these topics, 3 full questions and 7 sub
questions from Question No. 1 & 5 can be answered. In total one can solve 19
problems and attempt 3 x 60 + 7 x 12 = 264 Marks. Even if one prepares all the
topics, it will be difficult to solve more than 19 problems in the examination due to
lack of time. Even if one attempts all the problems, it is difficult to get answers for all
the problems. Hence, selective preparation is the best preparation. Those who have
Physics or Mechanical Engineering as second optional can prepare for Statics,
Dynamics & Hydrostatics.

Paper – II

Part – A
Question
No.
Topic


701(a)
1(b)
Algebra
1(c)
1(d)
Real Analysis
1(e)
1(f)
Linear Programming &
Complex Analysis
2(a)-(d) Algebra
3(a)-(d) Real Analysis
4(a)-(b) Linear Programming
4(c)-(d) Complex Analysis
Part – B
5(a)
5(b)
5(c)
5(d)
Partial Differential
Equations
Numerical Methods
5(e)
5(f)
Mechanics &
Hydrodynamics
6(a)-(c) Partial Differential
Equations
7(a)-(d) Numerical Methods
8(a)-(b) Mechanics &
Hydrodynamics

Partial Differential Equations, Numerical Methods, Linear Programming, Complex
Analysis and Real Analysis are relatively easy topics. If one prepares for these topics,
3 full questions and 8 sub questions from Question No. 1 & 5 can be answered. In
total one can attempt 3 x 60 + 8 x 12 = 276 Marks. Even if one prepares all the
topics, it will be difficult to attempt for 300 marks due to lack of time. Even if one
attempts all the problems, it is difficult to get answers for all the problems. Those
who have Physics or Mechanical Engineering as second optional can prepare for
Mechanics & Hydrodynamics.

Finally you can attempt 264+276=540 marks. Even if you get answers around 490
marks, you can expect around 350 marks after considerably tough normalization.

Don’t think that knowing the method is sufficient to answer the problem in the
examination hall. One should practice as many problems as possible. Do all the
papers of CSE & IFS. Take as many practice tests as possible.

Practice, Practice and Practice. Go through the unsolved papers of the previous years
and solve them. Try to monitor your speed. Speed is of utmost importance in this
examination






71For preliminary examination, just practice all the available previous year question
papers. You can refer to individual books for each subject. Brilliant Material for
prelims is sufficient for all basics. But for algebra, refer to a separate book.

Mechanical Engineering

•   Theory of Mechanics - S S Rattan
•   Theory of Mechanism and Mechanics - Jagdish Lal.
•   Mechanic of Solids - Popru
•   Manufacturing Science - Ghosh and Malik
•   Manufacturing Technology - P N Rao
•   Production Manangement - R K Jain
•   Principals of Manufacturing Material & Process - Campbeu
•   Fundamentals of Classed Thermodynamics - Van Wylen
•   Heat Transfer - Gupta Prakash
•   Heat and Mass Transfer - R. Yadav
•   Energy Conversion - Sukhalmoy
•   Environmental Pollution Central Engineering C S Rao
•   Surveying and Levelling - T P Kanetakar
•   Heat Conversion - Arora & Kundwar
•   Manufacturing Science - R K Jain
•   Thermodynamics - R Yadav

Medical Sciences

Topicwise Suggested Reading

•   Anatomy - Megraper or Snell
•   Human Anatomy (3 Vol.) - Chaurasia
•   Medical Physiology - Gyston
•   Human Physiology - Chatterjee
•   Pathology - Muirs or Robbins
•   Microbiology - Anand Narayan or Chatterjee
•   Principal and Practice of Medicines - Davidson
•   Social and Preventive Medicine - Park & Park
•   Surgery - Love and Bailey
•   Essentials of Bio-chemistry - M C Pant
•   Review in Bio-chemistry - Harper
•   Heinmann Medical Dictionary - Janife
•   Heinmann Dental Dictionary - Lennox

Suggested Reading for Prelims

•   Human anatomy: Chaurasia (III Volumes) and Histology (Inderbir Singh) -
Basic Gray and Neuroanatomy (Inderbir Singh) for selected topics.
•   Physiology: Ganong


72•   BioChemistry: Harper
•   Microbiology: Anantha Narayan (Introduction to Microbiology), Parasitology
(Jayaram Panikkar)
•   Pathology: Robbins (Big Robbins)
•   Medicine: Harrison (No other book may be useful)
•   Surgery: Bailey (No other book may be useful)
•   SPM: Park (No other book may be useful)


Miscellaneous:
Question Banks: Question banks without keys are available across the market.
Bhatia has published a book, with keys. But it contains questions till 1999 only, also
keys are often wrong. The III volume Bhatia series also have UPSC questions spread
over the entire series.
AIIMS question bank will be also useful for solving MCQS. Books that are published
(like Mudit Khanna) for AIIMS entrance will be also useful for revision.

Suggested Reading for Mains

Go back to those old MBBS days. If you could get hold of any old notes from medical
colleges of those rough professors, it will serve you better than any texts. Also, apply
the old logic, draw pictures as far as possible. Go back to selections, and read the
topic carefully.

•   Human anatomy: Chaurasia (III Volumes) and Histology (Inderbir Singh)
•   Physiology: Ganong
•   BioChemistry: Harper
•   Microbiology: Anantha Narayan (Introduction to Microbiology), Parasitology
(Jayaram Panikkar)
•   Pathology: Robbins (Big Robbins)
•   Medicine: George Mathew (Notes in medicine), Harrison if needed
•   Surgery: Bailey (Das will be also useful for some areas)
•   SPM: Park

Years back when a medical student took up the civil services exams, he had no
option but to change his subject. But seeing the growing numbers the UPSC added
Medical Science as a subject in the civil services. Ever since many students have
taken up the subject and even topped the exams. Do not alllow people to convince
you that the subject is too tough and not scoring as these are the topics you have
studied and practiced for five years. 80% of the questions are from what you have
studied and like every other subject there are extra portions that are not covered in
the graduation syllabus. So you you are at as much disadvantage as any other
person.





73Strategy

1) Follow the syllabus, that's your best guide. Also keep your options open for the out
of syllabus questions. Complete analysis of previous years questions should be done.

2) It is better to form groups to study and interact with other medicos who have
already appeared for the exams.

3) Being a medical student you are probably used to working hard but remember
your competition is only with the hard working and serious lot. So, your answers
should stand out from others.

Pali Literature

•   Origin of Pali Literature (Vol. I & II) - B.C. Lal
•   History of Indian Literature (Vol. II) - Winternitz
•   Compendium of Abidhamma Philosophy - B. Jagdish Kashyap
•   Pali Essays - Hari Shanker Shukia
•   Pali Grammar - L.N. Tiwari

Philosophy

Prelims

Reference Book List:
[Judicious selection of books is recommended as more than two books are given for
each topic]
Section- A Problem of Philosophy:
1. Dr. C.D. Sharma (Indian Philosophy)
2. Dr. Deo Raj (Indian Philosophy)
3. Dr. Y.Masiaha (Western Philosophy)
4. Dr. Daya Krishna (Western Philosophy)
5. Dr. Franckena Thilly (Western Philosophy)
6. Dr. B.K. Lal (Contemporary Western Philosophy)

Section- B Logic:
1. Dr. Irvin M. Copi
2. Ashok Verma (Symbolic logic)

Section- C Ethics:
1. Dr. Divakar Pathak (Indian Ethic)
2. Dr. V.P. Verma (Western Ethic)
3. Dr. B.N. Singh (Ethics)
4. Lilly (Ethics)




74Strategy for Prelims

General perception of many about philosophy is that it is abstract and has no
practical relevance. But this is not fully correct. Philosophy is very analytical and
speculative that makes it very interesting.

The syllabus for ‘Preliminary examination has three sections : Section A, B and C.
Section A is Problem of philosophy’. Here we are concerned with Indian Philosophy
and Western Philosophy. So we have to read them thoroughly. The questions are
generally asked on terminology and theories like ‘What is Pratitya Samutpada?’. We
must have understanding of terms and theories. In Indian Philosophy there are nine
schools. Six schools are orthodox (Samkhya Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika Mimansa and
Vedanta) and two are heterodox (Jainism and Buddhism). One other school is
Materialism. UPSC generally asks questions in Indian philosophy on some specific
points like substance, attributes. In western philosophy there is no precise syllabus.
Generally questions are asked from Thales to Sartre.

Section B deals with Logic. Here we have to read only seven topics from Irwin M.
Copi. Plus we have to study Symbolic Logic by Dr. Ashok Verma. Generally 30-35
questions are asked from logic in Prelims. 20 questions are just theoretical : they do
not need any explanation. 5-8 questions are on Quantification, which also can be
answered at first sight if you have already practised. Remaining 5-8 questions are
from Deduction which need explanation: this depends upon your practice and even
these are not decisive.

Section C deals with Ethics. It consists of Indian Ethics and Western Ethics. In
Indian Ethics questions are from Charvaka to Vedanta. Dr. Divakar Pathak’s book on
Indian Ethics is essential for this section. In Western Ethics, questions are from
Thales’ to Advanced Ethics. Here we have to study Thilly and another book by Dr.
V.P. Verma. The questions in this section are generally factual so we have to collect
facts and memorize them.

Mains
Reference Book List:
[Judicious selection of books is recommended as more than two books are given for
each topic]
Section- A Western Philosophy
1. By Franckena Thilly
2. Dr. C.D. Sharma
3. Dr. Dayakrishna
4. Dr. Y.Masiaha
5. Dr. B.K. Lal
6. Dr. Lakshmi Saxena
7. D.M.Dutt

Section- B Indian Philosophy


751. Dr. C.D. Sharma
2. Dr. Deo Raj
3. Dr. Hiriyanna
4. Dr. Radha Krishnan
5. D.M.Dutt

Section- C Socio Political Philosophy
1. Dr. J.P. Sood Vol IV
2.Dr. Shiv Bhanu Singh
3. Dr. O.P.Gauba
4. NCERT Books

Sec. B Philosophy of Religion
1. Dr. Y.Masiaha
2. John Hick
3. Dr. V.P. Verma

Strategy

There are no exam-oriented books for Philosophy. So, it is advisable to prepare notes
from various sources and mug that notes thoroughly. Read Bhagavad-Gita Chapter
2, it is useful in paper-2. Viveka Chudamani of sankaracharya is very helpful to
understand his philosophy. Reading such original books makes your answers stand
out from others. Try to mug some standard quotations and use in your answers at
relevant positions.

Physics

Suggested Reading:

•   Physics Vol I&II by David Haliday and Resnick (for basic concepts)
•   Any practice book for objective questions. Any IIT/Engineering entrance type
objective questions book in physics will do
•   Mechanics - D.S. Mathur, B.S. Agarwal
•   Waves and Oscillations - Brijlal & Subramanyam, B.S. Agarwal
•   Optics - Brijlal& Subramanyam, B.S. Agarwal, Ajoy & Ghatak
•   Thermal Physics - Singal, Agarwal & Prakash, B.S. Agarwal, Shah & Srivastava
•   Electricity & Magnetism: D.C. TAyal, B.S. Agarwal, Griffith
•   Any fundamental book on electrical engineering like B.L Thareja (Vol 1) or
Vincent Del Tero
•   Modern Physics - A Beiser (Concepts of modern physics), S.L. Gupta, B.S.
Agarwal, J.B. Rajan
•   Electronics - Milman & Halkias, S. Ramnam, Ryder or Bolstead, Malvina
•   Properties of Matter - B. Aggarwal
•   Atomic Physics - J. B. Rajan
•   Fundamental of Magnetism electricity - B.N. Basudeva


76•   A Text Book of Suond - Khanna & Bedi
•   Nuclear Physics - D.C. Tayal
•   Introduction of Electrodynamics - Griffith
•   Advanced Level Physics - Nelkon & Parkar
•   University Physics - Zeemasky
•   Numerical Problems - B. Lal & Subrahmanyam
•   Quantum Mechnaics - A Ghatak
•   A Dictionary of Physics - Goldstein

Paper 1

•   Classical Mechnism -Gupta, Kumar & Sharma
- Takewale & Puranik
-H.Goldstein
•   Mechanics - Kleppner & Kolenkov
-D.S. Mathur
•   Wave/Spl.Relatively - D.S. Mathur/Kleppner&Kolenkov
•   Special Relativity-R.Resnic
-Gupta & Goyal
•   Optics-Ajay Ghatak
-B.S. Agarwal
•   Electrodyanamics - David Griffiths
•   EM Theory -Chopra&Agarwal/Satya Prakash
•   Thermal Physics - P.K Chakraborty
- Satya Prakash, Singhal & Agarawal
-Statistical Physics -B.B laud

Paper 2

•   Quantum Physics- Resnick & Eisberg
•   Concept of Mordern Physics - Arthut Bevser
•   Quantum Mechanics -Ghatak & Loknathan
-Chatwal & Anand/Satya Prakash
•   Atomic & Molecular Spectra -Rajkumar
•   Nuclear Physics -S.B Patel
•   Solid State Physics -Kittel
•   Electronics -Allon Mottershed
•   Objective Physics -H.C. Verma/TMH


Paper 1
Section A has three important areas: Classical Mechanics, Special Relativity, Waves
and Geometrical Optics and Physical Optics. Since all these three sections have
compulsory questions, it's better not to avoid any one. Yet, if you are hard pressed for
time, you can be selective about any one section. But it's important that before
getting selective you should have identified the essential areas based on past trend


77analysis.

It's better not to be selective at all in Classical Mechanics. Moreover, there is no
dearth of good material on this section. Most of the students find this section rather
simple to handle. In Special Relativity, the older topics are more important than the
newly added ones. So, the students should design the preparation strategy
accordingly. In the Waves section, Damped and Forced Vibrations, Phase and Group
Velocity should be given priority.

Section B contains: Electricity and Magnetism, EM Theory and Black Body radiation
and Thermal and Statistical Physics. All the above three sections carry compulsory
questions, hence none can be completely ignored. Questions which come on EM
Theory are very simple and scoring. Hence this area should be well prepared and the
students should not miss the question on this area.

Paper 2
All of the second paper except Electronics can be prepared from two sources, i.e.
Quantum Physics by Resnick and Eisberg, and Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. For
value addition, you may require to undertake some extra reading from other standard
books.

Electronics is now a prominent part in the course. Students coming from non
electronics background must make some extra effort to master this section
thoroughly. Once prepared well, this part is scoring.

Tips

•   Do not leave any part of the course completely, be only smartly selective
•   Thoroughly analyze the past trends before you decide on your focus areas
•   There is no need to give derivation of equation, until you are specifically asked
for it. It does not fetch you any extra credit
•   Read the question carefully, identify focus area and answer to the point
•   Clearly explain the units and terms used in the formula
•   Finally, practice a lot of problems before going to the examination hall.

Political Science

SOME SUGGESTED READINGS FOR YOU :
by Subhash C Kashyap ---
1. Our Constitution
2. Our Parliament
3. Perspective on Constitution (ED)

by P.M Bakshi --
1.Constitution



78by D.D. Basu --
1. Introduction to the Constitution

Others
IIPA Journal
The Hindu
Frontline

Reference Book List topic wise:

Political Theory and Indian Politics

•   George H. Sabine ( Western political theory)
•   Eddy Ashrivatham (Political theory)
•   C.L. Wayper (Political thought)
•   O.P. Gauba (An introduction to political thought)
•   R.M. Bhagat (Western political thought)
•   Amal Roy and Mohit Bhattacharya (political theory, ideas and institutions)
•   S.P. Varma (Modern political theory)
•   J.C. Jauhary (Comparative politics)
•   A.S. Sandhu (Political theory)
•   Pukharaj Jain (Political thought)

Indian Constitution And Politics

•   M.V. Paylee (Indian Constitution)
•   D.D Basu (An introduction to Indian constitution)
•   V.N. Shukla (Constitution of India, couple of chapters are really relevant)
•   A.C. Kapoor (Comparative Governments)
•   V.P. Varma (Indian political theory)
•   K.R. Bombwal (Comparative constitutions)
•   Bipin Chandra (Freedom struggle)
•   Simit Sarkar (Modern India)
•   A.R. Desai (Social background of Indian Nationalism)
•   Paul Brass (Politics in India since independence)
•   Independent India : First Fifty Years - Hiranyamay Kelkar
•   Indian foreign policy agenda for 21st century (1998 Foreign service institute) -
Lalit Mansingh
•   India's foreign policy in a changing world (1999) - V.P. Dutt
•   People's right and the state in the third world - Manjooran Mohanty & Partha
Mukherjee
•   World politics in the twentieth century - Paul Kenedy
•   Nuclear India (1998) Jasjit Singh





79Suggested Readings For Prelims
Section A:
Political Theory —Eddy Ashirvatham
Political Theory —O.P. Gauba
Political Theory —Amal Ray, Mohit Bhattacharya.
Comparative Politics —R. Chilkote

Section B:
Political Theory —Amal Ray & Mohit Bhattachary.
Introduction to Indian Constitution —D.D. Basu
India's Struggle for Independence —Bipan Chandra.
Introduction to Indian constitution —D.D. Basu.
Our Parliament —S.C. Kashyap
Our Constitution —S.C. Kashyap
Comparative Govt. & Politics — V.N. Khanna
Comparative Govt. & Politics —K.R. Bombwal

Suggested Readings For Mains
Paper I Section A
A History of Political thought—Subrata Mukherjee, Susheela Ramaswamy
A History of Political thought —J.P. Suda
For Manu & Kautilya : Foundations of Indian Political thought — V.R. Mehta
Modern Political Theory —S.P. Verma
Modern Political Theory —Madan Gandhi
Political Theory —Eddy Ashirvatham
Political Theory —J.C. Johri
Political Theory —Ray & Bhattacharya
Political Theory —O.P. Gauba

Paper I Section B
Comparative Govt. & Politics —J.C. Johri
Comparative Govt. & Politics —Ronald Chilkote
Modern Indian Political Thinkers —V.P. Verma
Foundations of Indian Political Thought —V.R. Mehta
Indian Govt. and Politics —A.S. Narang
Indian Govt. and Politics —J.R. Siwach
Indian Govt and Politics —M.P. Singh, Himanshu Roy
Politics in India —Rajani Kothari
Govt. and Politics of India —W.H. Morris Jones

Paper II Section A
Theoretical aspects of International Politics —Mahendra Kumar
Politics among Nations —Morganthu
International Politics —Schuman

Paper II Section B



80International Politics —Bookhives
Regular subscription of Frontline & World Focus (magazine)


Political Science is a dynamic and ever-changing subject. Candidates aspiring to opt
for it should be more aware of the shift in focus than the skeletal changes in the
revised syllabus. Opting for Aristotle's Master science, the aspirant should master the
techniques to make best use of these changes like a crafty politician. The advantages
of picking political science as a favourite optional are manifold. It helps candidates in
updating their knowledge of the current events and provides a fresh perspective on
the burning domestic and foreign policy issues. About half of the general studies
paper is vitally related to the two papers of political science for the main examination.
Besides, that is the best subject to ensure a sound sleep during the interview days
simply because you have readymade answer for virtually all the question being asked
by the board members.

The recent years' trend also reveals that the candidates with political science as an
optional have fared better in many respects. The rate of success is going higher and
higher. The purpose of this write- up, however, is to make you w armed about the
subject in the context of revised syllabus.

A cursory view of the changed syllabus indicates towards the modification at two
levels: (a) new addition, and (b) shift in focus. Interestingly, what appear to be
additions are really the extended and focused parts of the existing topics. This means
that students will have to prepare for the same old themes but in a changed context.
This sounds appropriate as much water has flown down the Gangas since the
previous paper was set up. More so in the context of political science where changes
start reflecting realities, both at the domestic and external planes. The centralised
polity of India has finally given way to coalition politics, and now it seems the
coalition culture is here to stay in one way or the other. The rehearsing of
International relations paper was highly imperative in the context of Collapse of
Soviet Union, the end of cold war, and the emergence of a new world order shaped
and designed by the United States-led Unipolar World.

We have seen a lot of face lifting and reading, real changes are not drastic and
metamorphic. The topics that were included as subtopics in the old syllabus have
been given a separate and independent status in the revised course. Yet, a few
substantial changes are the additions like Nationalism and Internationalism and the
theories of international relations, primarily corresponding with the international
relations paper in the Mains. So far freshers opting for political science used to get
abruptly exposed to the strangers zone called international politics. Now, they will
have some idea about the world political scenario with the help of the new topics.

A brief survey of the significant additions in the section (A) of the political science
paper reveals that a couple of unexplored areas have been taken in. The meaning,
nature and scope of political science and its relations with other subjects; concepts of


81nationalism and internationalism, major theories of International Relations; .Social
movements; and the bureaucracy are the major themes brought under focus in the
revised syllabus.

Section (B) of the prelims has also registered a few additions signifying both
structural and spiritual shift. Approaches to the study of governments; classification
of political systems; the constituent assembly, the party system in India, the
interaction of government and the local-self governments; bureaucracy and
development, and the challenges to the Indian Democracy are major additions. The
students should specifically focus on the themes like 73rd constitutional
amendment, the political parties and the bureaucracy. It would be advisable to tell
about the clarity of concepts and the grasp of knowledge both in vertical and
horizontal dimensions to qualify the prelims. More you have read, more facts will
strike your memory while searching for the right answer through the process of
examination. That is why, a serious and hard working student proves better in
answering the objective type test questions than an ill-organised and poor in
knowledge candidate.

Psychology

Psychology is one optional, which can be scoring if prepared well. The average time
taken to prepare for this optional is 4 to 5 months because of the lengthy syllabus
(28 chapters in all). But the advantage is most of the chapters are interlinking and
the reader will find them interesting because they relate to our day-to-day
understanding of others and ourselves. The advantage of preparing for psychology is
it helps to understand ourselves better. And after completing the course one can
really appreciate the individual differences. Most of the aspirants take it as their
second optional so, only the mains preparation is discussed.

Sources/Material for psychology optional:

1.NCERT XI- two books

2. Introduction to psychology by Morgan and King

3. Psychology by Baron

4. Mr. Mukul Pathak’s class notes (his notes is followed by most of the aspirants and
is available almost everywhere. He teaches in Vajiram and Ravi institute. If the notes
are not available and anyone is interested, mail Bayyapu Sandeep Kumar at
Kumarbayyapu@yahoo.com
).

There are other books also like Social Psychology by Baron & Byrne, Inner World by
Sudhir Kakar, The Psychology of Small Groups by Shaw, Achieving Society by David
McClelland, Theories of Personality by Hall & Lindzey, Systems & Theories of
Psychology by Krawiec & Chaplin, Abnormal Psychology & Modern Life by James.C.


82Coleman. But too many books may not be covered because of paucity of time. The
above-mentioned four should suffice.

The strategy to prepare is first complete the whole syllabus once. Now a days the
pattern of the question paper is such leaving out some chapters is not suggested.
Then in the second reading one is able to interlink the topics. For example the
concepts of learning and memory (paper-I) will come to use at learning styles of the
gifted, retarded and learning disabled (paper-II). Then analyze the old question
papers and practice writing them within the word limit (20 markers in about 200 to
230 words and 60 markers in about 600 to700 words) and correct yourselves. This
process will make you prepared for the final examination.


Book List for your reference/interest:
1. Atkinson
2. Eysench - "Psychology-Ashrdent's Handbook"
3. Chaplin and Kraweik - Systems and theories of psychology

Reference Books for specific topics:
1. Theories of personality - Hall and Lindxy
2. Abnormal psychology and modern life - Cokman Vead, well being & Mental
disorders, therapeutic approaches and coping mechanisms.
3. Community psychology - Pande
4. Organisational behaviour - Stephen P. Robbins
5. Educational psychology - Mattur
6. Social psychology - Baros & Bryne
7. Psychological testing - A.K. Singh
8. Statistical Analysis Garette
9. Development psychology - Hurlock

Suggested Important Portions in
Paper I Section A
Introduction: Psychology as a Science: Definitions and perspective. Psychology in
relation to other social and natural sciences. Use of interdisciplinary approach

Methods of Psychology: Characteristics and components of methods in psychology
(induction, deduction and introspection). Observation, survey, laboratory and field
experiments. Clinical and case study.

Development of Human Behaviour: The nature, origin and development. Role of
genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour. Influence of
cultural factors and socialisation. Life span development-the critical periods and their
handling, Mastery of the developmental tasks.

Learning: Concepts and theories of learning (Pavlov, Skimer and Piaget). The
processes of extinction, discrimination and generalisation. Programmed learning,


83probability learning, self-instructional learning, concepts, types and the schedules of
reinforcement.

Memory: Concepts and definition of memory and forgetting, 7+/-2 concept and
clumking encoding, storage and retrieval. Factors influencing retention and
foregetting. Theories of forgetting (Repression, Decay and I n te r fe re n ce theories).
The concept of reminiscence

Paper I Section B
Thinking and Problem Solving : Concept formation processes. Reasoning and problem
solving. Creative thinking and fostering creativity. Information processing. Decision
making and judgement

Intelligence and Aptitude: Concept and definition of Intelligence and aptitude, Nature
and theories of intelligence. Measurement of Intelligence and aptitude.

Attitudes, Values and Interests: Definitions, concepts of attitudes, values and
interests. Components of attitudes, values and interests. Formation and maintenance
of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values and interests.

Paper II Section A
Psychological Measurement of Individual Difference: The nature of individual differe n
ce s. Characteristics and construction of standardised psychological tests. Types of
psychological tests.

Therapeutic Approaches: Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies.
Clientcentered therapy. Cognitive therapies. Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Reiki,
Meditation) Biofeedback therapy.

Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour: Personnel selection and training.
Use of psychological tests in the industry. Training and human resource
development. Theories of work motivation.

Community Psychology: Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Role of
community psychologists in social change. Use of small groups in social action.
Arousing community consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group
decision making and leadership for social change

Paper II Section B
Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups: The concepts of disadvantaged,
deprivation and socially deprived. Social, physical, cultural and economic
consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups. Educating and motivating the
disadvantaged towards development.

Psychological and the problem of social integration: The concept of social integration.
The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Nature and
manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual factors of such


84conflicts and prejudices.

Other applications of psychology: Sports psychology - improving performance of
sports, personnel, psychology and understanding of political behaviour, Voting
behaviours.

Writing

•   Don't exceed limit in short answer questions
•   Try to make the introduction catchy while answering short and long questions.
Students should use real-life examples to make the answers lively
•   Make a framework of the answer in mind like what would you write in the lead
paragraph, body text and the conclusion before you proceed with writing the
answer
•   Time management is key and candidates should ensure that they have atleast
25 minutes in hand before they attempt the last question

Public Administration

Prelims
This subject has become very popular as a prelims optional. The main reasons are:
•   Availability of good coaching and study material
•   Guidance is easy since many seniors opt for it
•   Subject matter is easy to understand
•   Syllabus is quite manageable

However, a very good score is required as the competition is tough.

The main source for the prelims is the TMH guide by Laxmikanth(But don’t rely
completely on it as this proved undependable from 2006 on wards). It is, of course, a
very good compilation from various sources in exam orientation. The preparation
should be such that any question based on the material in this book should be
answered. The study should be thorough including the various questions given in the
book.
Since the questions can be factual and can be asked from anywhere, there is need for
wide study. But the first effort should be to study TMH thoroughly and the main
standard books to gain basic clarity. After that, some time can be spent every day in
scanning various material for the additional study matter. Here, you should not
spend too much time and also should not read from end to end, but only scan for
areas that you have not done before or some new facts.

Books:
•   Awasthi and Maheshwari- Public Administration
•   Prasad and Prasad - Thinkers
•   Ramesh Arora - Indian Administration
•   Mohit Bhattacharya - New Horizons in Public Administration.


85•   Maheshwari - Indian Administration
•   IGNOU books.

Practise lots of tests from anywhere you get. Identify the weak areas and focus
accordingly.

Note:
•   Make a note of the mistakes that you make in the tests and try to rectify them
•   If you do not understand the question, look at the Hindi translation and see if
you can gain clarity on whats being asked.
•   Prepare mnemonics sheets to remember various facts. Read them again and
again, especially before the exam date.

Main Examination:

The advantage and disadvantage of this optional is the huge availability of material.
Aspirants waste most of their time searching for the books and material. The secret
for success in this optional is writing practice. Unless well practiced, it is not possible
to score good marks. So writing skills matter a lot in securing good marks. But with
practice it is always possible to improve.

Note:
•   The questions might seem indirect and vague, but with good basic clarity any
question can be attempted. In recent times, the long questions are being asked
directly. The examiner only expects you to write a simple logical answer with
clarity.
•   Do not try to remember too many quotations as it is difficult to reproduce.
•   The introduction and conclusions should be written well
•   Do not read all the books from end-to-end. Prepare topic wise in a comprehensive
manner. The main priority should be given to gain the basic clarity.
•   Practise the previous years’ papers.
•   Use examples, contemporary relevance, case studies, flow diagrams etc.
•   Read case studies from The Hindu, Frontline, Kurukshetra, Yojana and EPW.
•   While answering Indian Administration questions, answer with respect to
Constitution, Preamble, etc and how the issue is in conformity with basic
structure.

Introduction chapter is to be studied well as it deals with the basic evolution of the
subject and the trends. The questions might seem difficult. But with good
understanding it can be very scoring. The concepts can be used elsewhere also. The
material is available on most topics.

The Theories chapter should be done well. This is a very scoring and with well
defined syllabus preparation can also be comprehensive. The material availability is
good.



86
The Structure chapter is easy and can be covered quickly. But questions may not be
asked every year. The material availability is good.

The Behaviour chapter is very scoring. The questions are also asked regularly. The
material is also good.

The chapter on Accountability is scoring. This area is important in the contemporary
trend. So questions are asked regularly. There is also scope for lot of innovation. The
material is deficient for some areas. There is also a need to prepare from current
affairs.

The Administrative Law is very short chapter with limited scope. The questions may
not be asked regularly. But it should be attempted if given in exam. It is scoring and
the material is also available.

The administrative reforms chapter is short and easy. It can be scoring with
innovations. The material is also standard. Be open to any information that appears
in the newspapers.

The CPA chapter is scoring. It can be attempted in the exam. But questions may not
come every year. The material availability is problem in some aspects.

The DA chapter is relevant to Indian context. So prepare well for this area. The
questions are asked almost every year. The material availability is a problem for some
areas. Lot of innovation and contemporary relevance can be included.

The Public policy chapter is not asked every year. The material availability is also a
problem.

The personnel chapter is very scoring and should be attempted. The questions are
also asked every year. The material is good. So, do well in this chapter. Check out for
latest information in newspapers.

The Financial chapter is scoring in some areas. There is problem of material in some
topics.

In Indian administration, the scoring areas are: evolution, framework, union, state
govt., reforms, law and order, welfare.


Though a lot of books can be mentioned for this optional but I will mention the
standard ones which should suffice.

PAPER-I BOOKS



871.  New Horizons of public administration by Mohit Bhattacharya
2.  Administrative thinkers by prasad and prasad (theories part)
3.  Public Administration by Sharma and Sadana (read administrative law,
personnel administration, financial administration, development
administration, comparitive administration and other paper-I topics)
4.  IGNOU material (read public policy)
5.  Public Administration by Avasthi and Maheshwari (read administrative law and
administrative reforms)

PAPER-II BOOKS

1.  Indian Administration by Rajini Goyal and Arora (covers most of the
topics of paper II)
2.  Public Administration by Avasthi and Maheshwari (read public sector)
3.  Indian Administration by Avasthi and Avasthi (read administrative
reforms, administration of law and order)
4.  Introduction to the constitution of India by D.D.Basu and last but not
least
5.  Articles from IIPA Journals (aspirants can get Mr.Minocha’s collection of
articles from IIPA Journals which is sufficient)

Some topics like welfare administration, administration of law and order
should be collected while reading newspapers, India yearbook etc.

Other Books for your interest/reference:

•   Ramesh Arora - Indian Public Administration Comparative Public
Administartion
•   Sachdeva - Social welfare administration
•   Public Policy - Sapru
•   Rumki Basu - Public Administration
•   Maheshwari - Indian Administration
•   NCERT books
•   IJPA special edition in1998 on the occasion of Golden Jubilee
•   Social Theory & Development Administration – Mohit
•   CPA – Ramesh Arora

Sociology

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION:
1. IGNOU Material
2. Sociology - Sachideva & Vidhya Bushan.
3. Sociology - T.B. Bottomore.
4. Sociology Themes & Perspectives - Moralambose & R.M. Heald.
5. Unique Guide.
6. Dhilion Guide.


887. Spectrum Guide.
8. Sociology Dictionary - William P. Scott.
9. Social Demography - Asha & Bandhi.
10. Social Anthropology - Madan & Majumdar.
11. Political System - Smelser.
11.Cultural Anthropology -Madan and Majumdar
12.Sociology - Horton and Hunt
13. Harlambus - Introduction to Sociology
14. Tribal India - L.P. Vidhyarthi
15. Modernisation of Indian Tradition - Y. Singh
16. NCERT tests on sociology
17. Oxford Dictionary / Collins
18. Chapters from a good book on Demography and Urban geography

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR MAINS EXAMINATION :
1. Ram Ahuja: Society in India
2. Ram Ahuja: Social problems in India
3. IGNOU notes (especially for thinkers and topic on Indian system)
4. Caste its 20th Century Avatar - M.N. Srinivas
5. participation as freedom - Amartya Sen and Jean Dreze
6. Y. Singh - Modernisation of Indian Tradition
7. Y. Singh - Social tradition in India
8. L.P. Vidhyarthi - Tribal India
9. Yojana (Independence day special 2001 on population)
10. Y. Singh - Social Change in India
11. Niel J. Smelser for Economy and Society
12. Abraham and Francis - Sociological theory


REFERENCE BOOKS OVERALL :

•   Sociology - T.B. Bottomore
•   Sociology - Harry M. Johnson
•   Sociology: An introduction and analysis - Maclver and Page
•   Handbook of sociology - Ogburn and Ninkoff
•   Social anthropology - Madan and Majumdar
•   Social Thought - Abraham and Morgan
•   Social structure - M.N. Srinivas
•   Dictionary of sociology - Dunean and Mitchel or Penguin

TOPICWISE SUGGESTED BOOKS

•   Introductory Sociology: T.B. Bottmore
•   Basic contribution of sociological and anthropological thinkers: dictionary of
sociology, Social and cultural process: Maclver and Page and Madan &
Majumdar



89•   Deviance and central: Social stratification - Harlambos and T.B. Bottomore
•   Illustrations - Johnson
•   Political institutions - Bottomore
•   Religious and social institutions - Madan & Majumdar
•   Basic Concepts of Indian sociology - Y Singh (Modernization of Indian
Tradition), Villavge, Town, City, Maclver & Page

Paper I
For short questions, these are the important sections in paper I:

•   Sociology - The Discipline
•   Scientific Study of Social Phenomena
•   Techniques of data collection and analysis
•   Economic System
•   Political System
•   Educational System
•   Science & Technology

To prepare for the long questions in paper I, students are required to thoroughly
prepare Pioneering contributions to Sociology. This includes

•   Karl Marx: Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation and class
struggle.
•   Emile Durham: Division of labour, social fact, religion and society.
•   Max Weber: Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic
and the spirit of capitalism.
•   Talcott Parsons: Social system, pattern variables.
•   Robert K Merton: Latent and manifest functions, anomie, conformity and
deviance, reference groups.

While revising Pioneering contributions to Sociology', students need to focus on areas
like socio-economic and political background, views of thinkers, their analysis,
contemporary perspective and evolution. The section on `Pioneering contributions to
Sociology' is the most important part of paper I. It helps to understand the theoretical
inferences of paper II. So, if you are thorough with this section, it will be easier for
candidates to get a gist of sections like Social Stratification, Economic System,
Political System, Educational System, Social Movements and Social Change and
Development.

Candidates are required to understand argumentative aspect of thinkers like Karl
Marx, Emile Durham, Max Weber, Talcott Parsons, Robert K Merton, with an eye to
use their arguments in other sections of paper I. The theoretical inference of these
thinkers need to be carried forward in paper II wherever required.

For long questions, students need to focus on topics such as Pioneering
Contributions to Sociology, Marriage and Family, Social Stratification and Mobility,


90Political System, Social Movements and Social Change and Development. Students
who can thoroughly focus on these sections are expected to answer 70% of queries in
paper I. They should, however, have an overall view of the paper with focus on
emerging trends like education, religion and economic developments.

Paper II
While preparing for this paper, students should ensure that they should not confine
their preparation in terms of different sections. They need to focus on interrelation
between different topics. Students need to have an analytical eye with focus on
continuity and change. Like, despite so many changes, why caste system is still
prevalent in our country. Or, despite the break-up of the joint family system, the
mentality of joint family still exists among Indians.

For short questions, the important sections are:

•   Historical Moorings of the Indian Society
•   Class Structure
•   Marriage, Family and Kinship
•   Education
•   Political System
•   Population Dynamics
•   Social Movements
•   Social Problems

For long questions, the important sections are:

•   Caste System
•   Class Structure
•   Agrarian Social Structure
•   Industry and Society
•   Political Processes
•   Tribal Societies
•   Social Change
•   Social Movements
•   Women and Society

Apart from these, students need to keep an eye on sections like Caste System,
Agrarian Social Structure and Tribal Societies. You can always have short or long
questions from these three sections. Paper II actually works like mathematics and it
is a high-scoring paper.

There are many topics in paper II, which seem to be essay-type. But in Sociology,
they need to be approached through sociological perspectives. Suppose you are asked
a question on poverty, this can have theoretical inferences. You need to give empirical
or sociological or case studies examples to analyse the topics.




91Writing Short questions:
You need to directly start answering the question. Avoid flowery language with an eye
on all perspectives while answering the question
Long questions:
Perspectives, which have been asked needs to be kept in view while answering the
question. Theoretical dimension are to be substantiated with analysis.

Statistics

•   Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications - Paul Meyer
•   An Introduction to Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics -V K Rohtagi
•   Fundamentals of Statistics (2 Vol.)- A M Goon, M K Gupta and B Dass Gupta
•   An Outline of Statistical Theory (2 Vol.) -A M Goon, M K Gupta and B .Dass
Gupta
•   Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics-A C Gupta and V K Kapoor
•   Fundamentals of Applied Statistics-S C Gupta and V K Kapoor
•   Sampling Techniques-William G. Cochran
•   Sampling Theory of Surveys with applications - B. V Sukhatme & B V
Sukhatme.

Urdu Literature

Paper I

•   Urdu ki Lisani Tashkil - Mirza Khalil Ahmad Beg [Educational Book House,
Aligarh]
•   Mokqadwa; Tarikh-e-Zuban-e-Urdu - Prof. Maswood Husain Khan [Educational
Book House, Aligarh]
•   Ansaf-e-SuKhan aur Sher Haiyyaten - Shamian Ahmed

Paper II

•   Urdu Shairi ka Tauqidi Mutala - Suenbul Nigar [Educational Book House,
Aligarh]
•   Urdu Nasr ka Tauqidi Mutala - Suenbul Nigar [Educational Book House,
Aligarh]
•   Urdu Adab Ki Tarikh - Noorul Hasan Naqvi [Educational Book House, Aligarh]

Zoology

Suggested Reading List

•   Cell and Molecular Biology - De Robertis, C.B. Powar
•   Genetics - P.K. Gupta, Gardner, Ahluwalia, Vir Bala Rastogi
•   Invertebrates - R.L. Kotpal, Nigam, Jordan
•   Vertebrates - R.L. Kotpal, Nigam, Jordan and Varma


92•   Comparative anatomy of vertebrate zoology - Kent
•   Animal physiology - H.R. Singh, Vander
•   Biochemistry - Harper, Leninger, Stryer, Rao
•   Embryology - Balinsky, A.K. Berry, Vir Bala Rastogi
•   Organic evolution - Veer Bala Rastogi
•   Ecology - P.D. Sharma, Odum, Vir Bala Rastogi and M.S. Jayaraj, Kotpal and
Bali
•   Economic Zoology - Shukla and Upadhaya, Kotpal Series, Kotpal- Khetrapal -
Agarwal
•   Ethology - Reena Mathur, Magazines like Science Reporter, Nature etc.
•   General Zoology - Storer and Usurger
•   Physiology - H.R. Singh
•   Evolution - Vir Bala Rastogi
•   A Dictionary of Entomology - Leftwich

It’s better to keep answers diagrammatic and less verbose. Students should also not
hesitate in drawing colour diagrams.

Paper I
Section A
Non-chordata and chordata:

•   Classification should be done thoroughly as it's given in Barnes' textbook
•   Pay attention to general essays rather than type studies
•   Always correlate things from evolutionary viewpoint -Draw as many diagrams
and flow charts as possible
•   Students should cover all theories.
•   In chordate description, compare the phyla phylogenetically and anatomically.
Comparative anatomy diagrams should be coloured.

Section B
The most scoring parts are Economic Zoology, Bio Stats and Bio Instrumentation.
Students need to focus on topics related to developments in India in Economic
Zoology.
Paper II
Section A
To prepare Cell Biology and Genetics, students need to follow the same advice as
provided for these two topics in Botany. However, you need to correlate cellular
processes with human physiology and human disease conditions. In Genetics,
student should also mention the possible human welfare applications. Peripheral
questions are generally not asked.

Section B
Biochemistry and Physiology
Practical Bio-chemical pathway with structural formula of molecules are important.



93Prepare from medical bio-chemistry and physiology books. Represent most
information through flow charts. Always draw relevant anatomical diagrams.

Development Biology
If physiology and biochemistry are prepared thoroughly, then this part can be
prepared only for short notes. Colored drawings are a must. Students need to
practice them properly.


Telugu Literature

Telugu Literature is a popular optional for all the aspirants who are well-versed in
this language. That does not mean that one has to be a literature graduate (B.A or
M.A in Telugu). The success rate of many engineering graduates, who have liking for
the subject, indicates that the subject is easy, provided one has the aptitude for the
subject.

Paper – I
This is the easiest paper of Telugu Literature and very easy to read and doesn’t
require any coaching. You can pick up the books suggested and start reading even
before you join any coaching. In section – A, if one is comfortable with telugu
grammar, the subject becomes very easy. But on the negative side, you need to
remember lots of names of authors and books in Section – B. As the subject is easy,
care should be taken in presentation and art of writing good answers with sub
heading and nice examples.

Paper – 1 (Sec A): 1, 4 – 8 sections of the syllabus can be chosen to prepare, ignoring
others in choice.
Suggested Reading:
1  Nagaraju Sir’s notes (available in the Srinivasa Xerox Center near Ashok
nagar X roads, Hyderabad)
2  Andhra Bhasha Charithra (by Badriraju Krishnamurty) (only if you have
time to read)
3  Vakyam (by Chekuri Ramarao) (only if you have time to read)

Paper – 1 (Sec B): 1 – 4 (ancient) sections of the syllabus, 5 – 8 (medieval) sections, 9
– 12 (modern) sections, Janapada sahityam. You can either pick ancient (1 – 4) or
medieval (5 – 8) sections,...... and reading Modern (9 – 12) and Janapada sahityam
compulsorily.
Suggested Reading:





1  Nagaraju Sir’s notes (available in the Srinivasa Xerox Center near Ashok
nagar X roads, Hyderabad)
2  Andhra Sahitya Charitra (by Nagayya) (very big book. Read only if you
have time).




94Paper – 2
This is a difficult paper compared to Paper – I, but also very scoring. For this
paper, I feel coaching is necessary, especially for the ones who don’t understand
Kavya style of writing. Also, this paper includes writing Vyakhyanas for different
padyalu both ancient and modern.

Paper – 2 (Sec A): You can read (Dushyanta Charitra) Nannayya, (Sri Krishna
Rayabaram) Tikkana, (Gunanidhi katha) Srinathudu, (Sugatri Saleenula Katha)
Pingali Soorana. You can ignore Molla Ramayanam and last notes.

Suggested Reading:
1  Syllabus and text notes of all the chapters (from Navodaya Book House,
Koti or Sree Book Square, Kachiguda X Road).
2  Nagaraju Sir’s notes
3  Akella Raghavendra  book on Telugu Literature Paper – II.
4  They are commentaries available on each syllabus chapter in Navodaya
Book House. But read this, after you get sufficient time and after
completion of syllabus.

Paper - 2 (Sec B): There are two ways to read this section. Read the poetry syllabus of
5 chapters for both Vyakhyanas and Long Answers. Or read poetry syllabus for
Vyakhyanas and read prose sections of Gurajada kathalu, Alpajeevi and NGO for
Long answers. The choice will be yours. Its better to read Sri Sri - Maha Prastanam
and Jashuva - Gabbilam for both Vyakhyanas and Long answers.

Suggested Reading:
1  Syllabus and text notes of all the chapters (from Navodaya Book House, Koti
or Sree Book Square, Kachiguda X Road).
2  Nagaraju Sir’s notes
3  Akella Raghavendra  book on Telugu Literature Paper – II.
4  They are commentaries available on each syllabus chapter in Navodaya
Book House. But read this, after you get sufficient time and after completion
of syllabus.

Important Points to Note:

Long Answers:
•   First look at the previous question papers and write down all the questions per
topic one after other, so that you can get an idea of questions asked.
•   All the topics can be related to - Kala Soundarya Drukpatham, Charithraka
Samajaka Drukpatham, Manastatatva Drukpatham, Tatvika Drukpatham,
Vyaktitvam (character - sketch), Relevance and importance of the topic in
literature and so on.
•   So, prepare points on each topic rather than answers for each topic. These
points you can use to write answers depending on the question asked.
•   Prepare nice introductions and nice endings for each general topic.


95•   Read the text number of times. especially poetry so that you get command of
the subject and also to write quotes in the exam.
•   Quotations will surely enhance your answers..

Vyakhyanas:
•   All the topics can be related to - Kala Soundarya Drukpatham, Charithraka
Samajaka Drukpatham, Manastatatva Drukpatham, Tatvika Drukpatham
•   You have to develop a base in all the above topics, so that you can write easily
for any poem asked.
•   Give introduction, Sandarbam, bhavam and start the vyakhyanam and then
ending.
•   For kala soundarya Drukpatham, one has to know all about the Rasam,
Dhvani, Vakrokti etc.
•   Develop important points for all the Vrutha poems (4 lined poems) and then
write important points for all the other poems if you have time.
•   Do write at least 5 vyakhyanas for all the 4 drukpathams before the exam so
that you are sufficiently confident.




























969. MISCELLANEOUS

Health

The importance of good health should be understood very clearly. This exam is of
very long duration, under severe psychological stress. If suppose you become sick at
any stage, you will have to write the exam again and lose out an another year and
half. So, it is very important to take care of the health throughout the exam
preparation period. Remember - Healthy mind in a healthy body.

Please note the following points:
•   Get up early in the morning. It is the best time to make the body vibrations in
tune with that of the natures’.
•   Spend the first few hours in fitness activities. This is not a waste of time, but an
investment. It ensures that the whole day is active and focused.
•   Take care of the water and the food that you eat. Do not eat junk food, which will
not help in anyway.
•   Learn and practice Yoga, Pranayama and Meditation. They will develop the
mental fitness, which is most essential in studying for long with concentration, to
excel in the exam.

An important dimension in life, which is grossly ignored, is the breath. A person can
live for a few days without food or water, but cannot exist for a few minutes without
air. We take unnecessary care about food and water, but ignore the breath. The more
oxygen we take the better will be the burning efficiency of carbohydrates in the cells.
With more energy, the cells perform to their maximum capacity and the body
becomes very active. This is also important to have good focus on whatever we do.
However, we use only 25% of the lung capacity. That is the reason why we do not
function to our potential. In India, there were ancient techniques, which have been
developed to increase the capacity of the lungs and to use them to their full potential.
They are called the Pranayama techniques.

In fact, the breath can be used to control the emotions in the mind, like using a
thread to control the kite. There is a direct relation between the breath and the
emotions in the mind. Observe the breath as the emotions change. If you are angry or
depressed, the breath is shallow, short and rapid. If you are in a cool and happy
serene mood, then observe that the breath is deep and of long duration. Normally,
the breath is involuntary and its rhythm depends on the emotions. But through some
techniques, you can reverse the process. That is by controlling the rhythm of breath,
you can control the emotions in the mind. It is important to learn these techniques
since they help a lot in preparation for the exam. You will have to sit and study for
long durations throughout the year. Above that there will be lot of pressures both
social and psychological. To face them all, it is important to manage the emotions in
the mind.




97Hobbies

While filling up the mains application form, there is a column for the hobbies and
other interests. It is better to cultivate some hobby rather than leaving it blank. So be
prepared for this aspect from the initial stages itself. It helps a lot in the interview if
the questions are asked from your interest areas. You can also think of some peculiar
hobbies to attract the interviewer. But be careful that you have a genuine interest in
that area and do gather good information so as to answer any question.

Some of the hobbies of candidates are:
- reading books
- listening to music, even some specific variety say telugu old songs.
- reading short stories
- Gandhism
- Introspection
- Philately and numismatics
- bird watching
- cooking
- conducting alcohol de-addiction camps
- social work
- teaching
- Learn and practice yoga and meditation
- weapon systems
- physical fitness, etc.

Internet Surfing

Those who have Internet access at home or office, make complete use of it. Internet is
an ever-bulging ocean of information. All the NCERT Books are now available on it’s
net. You can get India Year Book, Complete Budget and Economic Survey Book and
Summary of all bilateral meetings. You can get almost any information from
wikipedia website. For example complete information regarding India’s space program
is available on it.

Addresses of Some Useful  Websites:

www.upsc.gov.in
- For all official information regarding the exam at any stage.
www.upscportal.com
 - For tips, Book list, suggestions, coaching information, etc.
www.civilserviceindia.com
- For tips, Book list, suggestions, coaching info, etc.
www.visionias.cfsites.org
- For tips, Book list, suggestions, coaching info, etc.
www.persmin.nic.in
 - Useful after selection
http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbooks/testing/Index.htm
 - To download all NCERT
Books
www.goidirectory.nic.in/
 - It connects to official websites of all Ministries and
departments.




98www.meaindia.nic.in/
 - External Affairs Ministry website useful for India-World
relations
www.indiacode.nic.in/
- Constitution of India, Central Acts, Supreme Court, etc.
www.indiabudget.nic.in/ - For latest budget and Economic Survey
http://publicationsdivision.nic.in/
 - For latest India Year Book

Ideal Timetable

Many candidates give their first attempt without even properly chosing the optionals
or completing the syllabus. This is a wrong step, which will have severe consequences
later on. This exam can be cleared in the first attempt itself with focused preparation
and solid approach. Mainly, the thought that the exam requires multiple attempts
should be removed from the mind. With right information and proper material, and
sustained hard work for and year, there is no reason why someone should not clear
the exam in the first attempt.

The preparation with full momentum should start at least one year before the
prelims. Ideally, the preparation should be started in May and by December the
mains syllabus should be completed to a large extent. Then from January, prelims
preparation should be made, while consolidating the mains knowledge. After the
prelims, the preparation should be continued with out any break. The next 5 months
will be very crucial and the preparation should be at full momentum. The syllabus in
any case should be completed by July. At least two months are required for the
revisions.

After the mains exam, interview preparation should be started. Simultaneously,
prelims preparation should also be made. This is important since the final result will
be given only 4-5 days before next prelims. In case of failure, you should be in a
position to give next prelims. So, from the beginning it is better to be prepared for
this possibility.
After the mains result, more focus should be made on interview preparation.

Studying while doing a job

Civil Services demand at least one and half year full time preparation. It is obviously
difficult to prepare for Civil services while doing a job. It is even more difficult if you
are doing a private job like software job. But, It is not impossible. There are many
examples who have secured top ranks while doing job. Those who have financial
constraints can definitely prepare while doing their job by following tips below.

Tips for those who are preparing while working:
1.  Make sure that you get leave for at least 1 month before Preliminary exam and
3 months before Mains Exam.
2.  Make complete use of Internet at office. Simply exploit.
3.  Evenings shall completely be devoted for preparation.



994.  It is very important to have constant contacts with those who are preparing full
time. Interact with them regularly.
5.  Don’t get sentimental about Company if your boss motivates you to work more
or when any job challenge is thrown at you. There is a danger of deviation if
you get too much involved in the work. Never bring work home.
6.  Your work for company should be impassionate.
7.  Always remember that you are working only for financial support not for
building a career in that company. If you eye for building a career in the
company you will definitely be deviated from your cherished goal of Civil
Services.


How to Study

The main requirement when you sit for studying is total concentration. Without
100% focus, whatever time you spent on study will only be a waste. You should not
do things, which will be distracting when studying. The room should also be neat as
it has an impact on the mental conditions. So you should always ensure that the
situation should be tuned to have a concentrated study. Even what you do when not
studying is also quite important. Suppose you go for a movie because of boredom,
then after coming back when you sit for studying then there is every possibility of not
focusing completely as all the scenes from the movie starts flowing in your thoughts.
Thats why its important to ensure that you don’t do distracting things even when you
are not studying. If you feel tired, you can go for a walk or listen to some lecture or
calm music. You should go very slow while reading trying to understand the core
concepts.

How to prepare notes?
It is always better to prepare notes for every topic in the syllabus, especially for the
topics, which you prepare from various sources. This aspect is the most crucial stage
in the preparation. Finally what you write in the exam only matters. You write only
what you remember. You remember only that which you revise before the exam. Note
that you will have to revise as many as 1000 topics including all the sub-parts in GS
and optionals. Therefore your efficiency in revision matters a lot for your performance
in the exam. The revision efficiency depends on the notes that you prepare. So you
should always be aware of this practical aspect while you prepare notes for the exam.

The notes should not be prepared as if writing a thesis paper. For any topic, you
should have a brief synopsis. Do not even use sentences while writing notes. Note
down the key terms and the logical structure with side headings. Also note down the
figures and diagrams in a simple manner, which can be reproduced in the exam
within time limit.
For most topics, one or two pages of notes are sufficient. Write them down in a logical
framework using different inks, so that your efficiency in revision increases. Finally,
when revising just before the exam, you cannot spend more than 5-10 minutes for
each topic. So keep that in mind always.


100
Do not spend days together on any topic. The exam only requires a basic clarity
which can be obtained by studying one or two standard books and spending more
time on thinking. Usually, 3-4 hrs sufficient for each topic. Just be cautious if you
are spending more time on any topic inspite of availability of good material.

Revision
Revision is very important for the performance in the exam. The efficiency with which
you do revision determines the grip on the subject matter. It should not be postponed
till the last phase. As you keep preparing, some time should be spent in revising and
consolidating what you read. Otherwise, when you start revision in the end,
everything will appear new and lot of time has to be spent in deciphering the notes
made. This will be very counter productive and all the hard work will be a waste.

 So, revision should also become a part of your everyday schedule. Don’t think it’s a
waste of time, since finally you will save a lot and the pressure will also reduce.
Therefore, revise what you read next day. Then keep coming back to it at regular
intervals.

Finally, before the exam you should keep two months for the revision. It has to be
done again and again, as many times as possible.

Be very careful while preparing notes, keeping in view the requirements of the
revision.

Where to prepare?
In any complex situation, the right information at the right time plays a very key role.
Similarly, for this complex exam, information has a role. So, you should have the
information channels throughout the exam preparation period. This will ensure that
you are on the right track.

In this context, the place of preparation becomes important. It is better to be close to
where many aspirants are preparing. The main places of exam preparation are
Hyderabad, Delhi, etc. There will lot of study material and information circulating in
these areas. Also, psychologically it is better if you have co-aspirants with whom you
can share your experiences and the mistakes.

In case you are not in a position to do so, do not worry. But ensure that you are
getting the right information. So try to establish some contacts with persons in those
areas.

How to write answers?
Your answer is the medium through which you are communicating with the
examiner. Your final marks depend on how best you can convey to the examiner.
Otherwise, all you study and hard work is irrelevant. So ensure that you perform the
best while presenting the answer.


101
The important points to note:
•   The pen that you use. Please spent some time in identifying the right pen
using which your efficiency increases and the written matter looks like a
print.
•   The handwriting can influence the marks by 5-10%. It is the first
impression on the examiner and matters a lot. It not just sufficient to have a
mere legible hand writing.
•   Next the matter that we write in the answer is important. It is about how
logically we present the answer. You will have to structure the answer in
such a way that it becomes easy for the examiner to identify the various
dimensions in the answer.
•   Concentrate on the introduction and the conclusions.
•   Underline the important terms that you use.
•   Make innovations like diagrams etc to impress the examiner and to convey
the concept better.
•   For analysis type use the paragraph form, while for the factual answers you
can use point form. But remember that the examiner is not interested in
your memory, but in your analytical and intellectual abilities. So try to
include them in your answer.
•   You can use different colours for the diagrams.

How to remember?
This is the common question before a Civils aspirant. There is such a huge syllabus
and so many facts to memorise that some times it seems impossible. Anyhow,
remembering is some thing that has to be done well for good performance in the
exam.

Information is to be stored as done in a computer. You will have to direct the
information to store it in your brain system. Do not merely mug and memorise facts.
You will have to develop inter linkages based on what you already know.

Do not try to remember unnecessary numerical facts.

Use mnemonics for remembering facts or some points. The popular mnemonic is the
VIBGYOR to remember the colours sequence in a rainbow. Prepare similar
mnemonics based on innovations. Your real intelligence depends on how efficient you
become in this area.

Regular revision is essential to ensure that what you remember stays in your mind
till the exam date. So keep a regular revision schedule.

Stress Management
The Civil Services Examination is highly stressful and pressurizing. It is in fact
testing the mental strength of the candidate. The administrator in the Indian context
has to deal with very complex and testing situations. So the exam structure and the


102process is aimed at preparing the candidates for the real administration. Therefore,
take the process as a learning experience.

The stress cannot be avoided, you will have to learn how to manage stress. There are
no hard and fast rules for stress management. It is individual specific and has to be
developed on your own based on observation.

Some of the following points may be helpful:

•   Stress means a disharmony between the mind and the body. The body is in the
present moment while the mind keeps fluctuating. It is either regretting the past,
anxious about future or dreaming an imaginary situation. This disharmony
between the mind and the body is the main reason for the accumulation of stress.
So, it is important to live in the present moment, i.e, concentrate 100% on what
you do.
•   Take deep slow breaths whenever you feel stressed or tensed. Close your eyes and
observe the breath. Keep doing this till you feel light and focused.
•   Go out for a long walk.
•   If you feel agitated in the mind, don’t do things, which will aggravate the agitation.
For e.g. don’t go to a movie. That will only worsen the situation. The idea is to
calm down the mind, so do things, which will reduce the agitation. In fact, these
are the critical moments, which have a major impact on your preparation. So, be
very careful during these phases.
•   Talk to some one with whom you can share your emotions without any inhibition.
•   Meet people who can give you inspiration and motivation.
•   Listen to good music or lectures by great people.
•   Practice meditation. This is a very effective way of improving the energy flow.

For aspirants in the long term

There are many undergraduate students who have the target of joining the Civil
Services. At this stage there is not much to be done for the exam. However they can
note the following points:
•   Build a good academic record
•   Chose such subjects, which will be helpful for the exam later on.
•   If interested and if there are good reputed colleges then join the arts courses.
However, even if you have to join the professional courses, do not worry. They
will act as an alternative, since this exam has less vacancies and is often risky.
But, do concentrate on your courses and excel in the field.
•   Read the newspapers and good magazines like the Frontline regularly. You
should have a good awareness of whats going on around you.
•   Cultivate a habit of participating in extra-curricular activities especially those
involving organizing abilities, GK, quizzes, etc.
•   Develop some good hobbies
•   Improve your personality traits


103•   Learn to spend lots of time reading books and studying because this is what
you will have be doing while preparing for this exam.
•   You should read the life stories of great people as an inspiration. Also, meet the
successful people in various fields.
•   Listen to good programs on radio and TV.